24 



A. YASUDA. 



the case of marine algae. Eschenhagen 1 ' showed the effects of various 

 solutions on the growth of some moulds. 



Concerning higher plants, Wielek observed in one case 2 ' the 

 recovery of Vicia Faha and Phaseolus multißorns from the plasmolysis 

 caused by sugar solutions, while in the other case 3 ' he noticed the 

 deformation of the roots of the latter plant when put into glycerine 

 solutions. Stange showed in his " Beziehungen zwischen Substratcon- 

 centration, Turgor und Wachsthum bei einigen phanerogamen 

 Pflanzen " the adaptation of Phaseohls vulgaris, Pisum sativum, and 

 Lupinus albus to plasmolyzing agents. Tkue 5) experimented upon the 

 influence of a sudden change of turgor on the growth of Vicia Faha. 



In the animal world, Schmankewitsch (;) came to the conclusion 

 that Brancliipus stagnalis which lives in fresh-water , changes into 

 Artemia Milhausenii in brackish water, and then again into Artemia 

 salina in salt-water. That the larvae of sea-urchins are also deformed 

 by various solutions of chemical substances has been shown by the ex- 

 periments of Herbst. 7 ' 



There is no doubt that infusoria are like other organisms, also 

 influenced by change in the concentration of the substratum, and within 

 a certain limit, a more or less accommodation to the new medium takes 



1) F. Eschenhagen. Ueber den Einfluss von Lösungen verschiedener Concentration 

 auf das Wachsthum von Schimmelpilzen. Stolp. 1889. 



2) A. Wieler. Plasmolytische Versuche mit unverletzten phanerogamen Pflanzen. 

 Berichte der deutsch, bot. Gesellsch., 1887,Bd. V, p. 378. 



3) A. Wieler. Ueber Anlage und Ausbildung v.>n Libriformfasern in Abhängigkeit 

 von äusseren Verhältnissen. Bot. Ztg., 1889, Nr. 34, p. 551. 



4) B. Stange. Beziehungen zwischen Substratconcentration, Turgor und Wachsthum gjj 

 bei einigen phanerogamen Pflanzen. Bot. Ztg., 1892, Nr. 18, p. 292 und Nr. 19, p. 307. 



5) E. H. True. On the Influence of Sudden Changes of Turgor and of Temperature 

 on Growth. Annals of Botany, 1895, vol. IX, p. 372. 



6) W. Schmankewitsch. Zur Kenntniss des Einflusses der äusseren Lebensbedin- 

 gungen auf die Organization der Thiere. Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., 1877, Bd. XXIX, p. 429. 



7) C. Herbst. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über den Einfluss der veränderten 

 chemischen Zusammensetzung . des umgebenden Mediums auf die Entwicklung der "1 

 Thiere. I. Theil. Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., 1892, Bd. LV, p 446. 



