xii 



PREFACE* 



mated ; length of the legs and nakednefs 

 of the knees ; colour of the greater and 

 fmaller quill feathers, upper and under 

 coverts of the wings jj number and colour 

 of the tail feathers, and coverts of the tail ; 

 appearance of the vent, belly, breaft, throat, 

 back, creft, wattles, caruncuke, fpujs, &c. ; 

 attitude peculiar to the bird, and the dif- 

 ference between males and females, and 

 young and old birds, mould be defcribed. 



In tortoifes and turtles the difpofi.ti.on of 

 the fhell, and it's compartments ; fhape and 

 number of it's toes ; abfence or prefenee 

 of the tail, and fhape of the head, mutt 

 be delineated. 



In fnakes, the fcales above and below, 

 their number, colour, and figure; form of 

 their heads, and whether they are venom- 

 ous or not, ihould be remarked. 



In fifh, it is neceffary to attend to the 

 proportion of the breadth to the length; 

 form of the head and difpofition of the pa- 

 late and teeth ; fhape and pofition of the 

 mouth ; fize and fituation of the eyes ; co- 

 verts of the gill, and rays of it s under- 

 partr fpines, horns, and protuberances of. 

 the head ; number, figure, fize, and colour 



of 



