m PREFACE. 



to attend to many circumftances which 

 are the chara&eriftics of each fpecies of 

 the animal and vegetable creation. In 

 quadrupeds the number and difpofition of 

 the teeth; fhape; and polition of the horns ; 

 number of the toes in each foot; fhape 

 and fize of the claws and hoofs ; fize of 

 the ears; color and difpofition of the 

 whifkers ; nature and growth of the hair 

 in the fur, mane and tail ; length and 

 ufes of the tail ; whether calculated to 

 grafp any objeft, or to give the animal 

 liability ; and even the attitude which 

 is characteriftic of the animal, and fhews 

 beft its marks, fpots, ftripes, claws, ears, 

 tail, &c. ought to be exprefied. 



In birds, the fhape and ufes of the 

 bill, whether notched, ferrated, or other- 

 wife remarkable ; number and difpofition 

 of the toes, and whether diftinft, lobat- 

 ed, or palmated; length of the legs and 

 nakednefs of the knees ; color of the 

 greater and fmaller quill feathers, upper 

 and under coverts of the wings ; num- 

 ber and color of the tail feathers, and 

 coverts of the tail ; appearance of the 

 vent, belly, breaft, throat, back, creft, 

 wattles, carunculae, fpurs, &c ; attitude 

 peculiar to the bird, and the difference 

 between males and females, and young 

 and old birds, fhould be defcribed. 



In 



