PREFACE. xiit 



In tortoifes or turtles the difpofition 

 of the (hell, and its compartments ; fhape 

 and number of its toes ; abfence or pre- 

 fence of the tail, and fhape of the head, 

 muft be delineated. 



In fnakes, the feales above and below, 

 their number, color, and figure ; form of 

 their heads, and whether they are veno- 

 mous, fhould be remarked. 



In fifh, it is neceflary to attend to the 

 proportion of the breadth to the length ; 

 form of the head and difpofition of the 

 palate andfeeth ; fhape and pofition of the 

 mouth nze and fituation of the eyes ; 

 coverts of the gill, and rays of its under- 

 part; fpines, horns, and protuberances 

 of the head; number, figure, fize and 

 color of the fins and tail, with the fpi- 

 nofe and foft rays in each ; the turn of 

 the lateral line, with the form, color and 

 difpofition of the feales. 



In infefts, the feafon when each of the 

 different kinds appear fhould be obferved ; 

 the number, fubftance, and particular fhape 

 of their wings, with the pofition of them 

 when the infeft is at reft; the fhape of 

 the antennae or horns, with the number 

 of joints in each ; the form of the head, 

 mouth and eyes, more particularly of the 

 head in beetles, of the mouth in bees, 

 wafps, flies and gnats, and of the eyes in 

 fpiders $ the number and fize of the legs • 



the 



