Forest and Stream. 



A Weekly Journal of the Rod and Gun. 



Teems, $4 a Tear. 10 Cts. a Copy, i 

 Six Months, $2. f 



NEW YORK, MARCH 28, 1889. 



I VOL. XXXLT.-No. 10. 

 I No 318 Broadway, New York. 



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Forest and Stream Publishing Co. 

 No. 318 Broadway. New York City. 



CONTENTS. 



Editorial. 



Practical Forest Restoration. 



Florida Reform. 



Snap Shots. 

 The .Sportsman Totjribi. 



Currituck Ducks in February. 

 Natural History. 



Five Days a Savage.— H. 



Blackbird and House-Snake. 

 Game Bag and Gun. 



The War in California- 

 Maine and its Game. 



Indiana's Novel Scheme. 



Chicago and the West. 



Shooting Clubs of Chicago. 



Ducks at Twin Lakes. 



New York Game Legislation. 

 Sea and River Fishing. 



Drum Fishing at Anglesea. 



Indiana Fish and Fishing. 



Fishing Rights in Private 

 Waters. 



Grandacoy or Tarpum. 



Wire Leaders. 



Salmon Satiety. 

 Fishculture. 



Chaleur Bay Products. 



Explorations in Gaif of Mexico 

 The Kennel. 



Rochester Dog Show. 



The Kennel. 



Klack and Tan "and White." 



The Pointer Club. 



Philadelphia Dog Show. 



Gordon Setters. 



Wrong Entries at Rochester. 



Hares and Coursing. 



Central Field Trial Club. 



Dog Talk. 



Kennel Notes. 



Kennel Management. 

 Rifle and Trap Shooting. 



Range and Gallery. 



Self-Loading Small Arms. 



The Trap. 



New York Suburban Grounds. 



Minneapolis Tournament. 



The Suburban System. 



American Shooting Associa- 

 tion Ruies. 



Classification. 

 Canoeing. 



Changes in the. A. C. A. Rules. 

 Yachting. 



Cruise of the Orinda. 



Biscayne Bay Notes. 



The New Yachts. 



Some Hints for Amateur 

 Draftsmen. 

 Answers to Correspondents. 



A TROUT SUPPLEMENT. 

 /"^TJR next issue will have a four-page supplement, 

 devoted to the "Salmon and Trout of North Amer- 

 ica." It will be illustrated with thirty figures of the 

 several species. The text of the descriptions has been 

 prepared by Dr. Bean; and the paper will be so complete 

 that its value will be immediately recognized. There 

 will be several other papers on trout and trout fishing, 

 and the number will be in every way a fitting recogni- 

 tion of the opening of the trout season on April 1st in 

 some of the States, and an anticipation of the opening 

 elsewhere. 



FLORIDA REFORM. 



IF any corner of the United States is in need of the 

 regenerating influences of a wide-awake game protec- 

 tive association it is the peninsula of Florida. That land 

 is heathen, if we are to estimate by the way the natives 

 have down there of killing deer in spring heavy with 

 young. To the innate brutality of the natives — for it is 

 only innate brutality that would sanction this spring- 

 deer killing — add the mania to kill that has taken pos- 

 session of so many hundreds of Northern tourists. Wan- 

 ton and outrageous slaughter, purely for the sake of kill- 

 ing, has been the rule. Men with repeating rifles and 

 "scatter-gunB" have year after year blazed away from the 

 decks of river steamers, killing the inhabitants of water, 

 earth and air — wounding and killing and never stopping 

 to gather the spoil. Fishermen have gone down from the 

 North, caught huge strings of fish for count, exhibited 

 them to admiring crowds in hotel halls, and then turned 

 them over to the servants, to be dumped on the compost 

 heap. Burly negroes have given their days and nights 

 to the lazy work of shooting small birds and birds of 

 plume to gratify the debased taste of plumage- bedecked 

 women. In a score of disreputable ways which might 

 here be enumerated, the savage and senseless warfare 

 against animate nature has been waged year in and out. 



There is much satisfaction in the news which comes to 

 as that an association has been formed to undertake a 

 reform in this thing. It is known as the Florida Field 

 Sports Association, organized at Tarpon Springs last 

 week, with Col. J. E. Hart, of Jacksonville, the active 

 president, the Duke of Sutherland the honorary presi- 



dent, Gen. J. B. Wall, Oapt. D. E. Maxwell, Mr. D. H. 

 Elliott and Gov. A. P. K. Safford, vice-presidents, and 

 Mr. J. M. Murphy, of Anclote, secretary. Among the 

 members are Gov. Fleming, Judge Mitchell, Gen. Fisher, 

 of Pennsylvania, and others of the North. 



The movement has been set in motion not a day too 

 soon. It will encounter the opposition of apathy and 

 hostility, but every right-minded citizen of Florida and 

 every Northern sportsman who visits the State for fish or 

 game will bid it all speed. One strong source of strength 

 will be found in the active support of the Jacksonville 

 Times- Union, which is a power hi. the State and heartily 

 sympathizes with the movement. 



PRACTICAL FOREST RESTORATION.- IV. 

 ¥ N the last paper we gave some hints upon the selection 

 of a sight, and in the present paper conclude the out- 

 line of a practical scheme of forest restoration. 



Time of sowing. The natural season for sowing the 

 seed of any tree is the season at which the seed or fruit 

 ripens and falls. Seed which ripens in summer will 

 germinate at once, and the young trees secure such a 

 hold of the soil that practically a year would be lost by 

 delaying the sowing until the following spring. As 

 regards seed which falls in late autumn, it is generally 

 a matter of indifference whether it is sown at once or in 

 the following spring. If sown at once it lies dormant in 

 the soil until the spring; but trees sometimes ripen their 

 seed earlier or later than their normal time, and seed 

 collected late in the summer or early in the fall should 

 not be sown at once, as it might possibly germinate, but 

 wants strength to live through the winter. Seed reserved 

 for spring sowing should be cleaned, dried and kept in a 

 dry, wholesome atmosphere. 



Preparation of the seed beds. If it is decided to make 

 the nursery in an opening in a forest covered with a good 

 carpet of leaves, mark out a strip or strips about 6ft. wide, 

 draw off all the light covering of undecomposed leaves 

 from the center to either side of the strip, dig up the soil 

 to 4 or Gin. in depth, pulverize and level it off, then draw 

 shallow trenches across the bed at intervals of about a 

 foot, drop the seed in lavishly, cover with an inch of soil, 

 or less for small seed, and when the whole strip is sown, 

 strew the surface leaf mold over it again, covering lightly 

 for spring sowings, but heavily for a protecting mulching 

 for fall sowing. 



Always sow in lines, and do not let the seed spread more 

 than 2 or 3in. wide in the lines. The plants would grow 

 just as well if the seed were sown broadcast, but they are 

 much more conveniently handled if it is sown in lines. 



If it is desired to raise nursery stock outside the forest, 

 and under conditions common to open country, richly 

 manured farm land should not be selected for the pur- 

 pose. The most suitable soil is newly broken grass land, 

 or partly exhausted arable land, brought into condition 

 by a dressing of leaf or other vegetable mold. The plot 

 selected should be plowed at least a foot deep, turned 

 over three or four times with the plow, and thoroughly 

 pulverized; and, unless there is good natural drainage, 

 the plot must be trenched to fully a foot in depth, and at 

 intervals of not more than six feet. Seedling trees do 

 best when they are planted in loose soil on a ridge with 

 an abundant supply of water in the trench, which, perco- 

 lating upward by capillary attraction, affords the plants 

 an abundant food supply, without stagnating about the 

 roots, and cutting off the necessary supply of air, as is 

 apt to occur when trees are planted in stiff soil without 

 provision for drainage, and the soil tightly compacted by 

 water, percolating downward from the surface, and stag- 

 nating about their roots. 



As soon as the cotyledons, that is the first leaves, show 

 above ground, or earlier if more convenient, cut a lot of 

 bushes or light branches, and lay them over the seed 

 beds to temper the rays of the sun, or arrange in any 

 way to shade the plants in their earliest stages. 



The ground being worked to a good depth, as suggested, 

 and thoroughly pulverized, will retain moisture a long 

 time, and plants grown in the open will, under those 

 conditions, soon acquire the hardihood necessary to stand 

 exposure to the sun. 



The methods above prescribed are suitable to either 

 coniferous or deciduous trees, bearing in mind only that 

 very light seed, like poplar seed for instance, must be 

 very lightly covered, 



On the method of sowing above prescribed a hundred 

 to a bundled and twenty-five thousand plants may be 



raised in a nursery an eighth of an acre in area. The 

 plants thus raised require to be taken up and transplanted 

 the following spring. The soil should be cut away in 

 front of the rows, so that the spade or hoe being inserted 

 behind them, the plants may be dug out attached to the 

 clod, which should be raised and dropped gently to make 

 it crumble and let free the plants, without injuring the 

 fine thread-like rootlets which branch from the main 

 root. 



Plants from the seedling bed may be used at once for 

 planting tip bare spots in the forest, provided such plots 

 have a true forest floor, and be not already stocked with 

 self-sown seedlings; and in favorable conditions they may 

 be planted singly; but if seedlings from the seed bed are 

 used for planting in open ground, it is preferable to plant 

 them in clusters of from two to five plants. 



More generally the plants are transplanted in the nurs- 

 ery, in which case pine and other seedlings of equally 

 slow growth may be set out singly, in lines nine or ten 

 inches apart, the plants being about seven or eight inches 

 apart in the lines, under which arrangement from fifty to 

 sixty thousand plants may be grown on an acre of ground. 

 This transplanting is a work of no difficulty, but it is only 

 the experienced who can get good results with economy 

 of labor. 



Plants of the second year once transplanted are good 

 strong plants, which will do very well if planted out 

 under favorable conditions, but it is well to keep at least 

 a portion of the stock in the nursery another year, trans- 

 planting it a second time at distances of a foot apart each 

 way, and the following spring there will be plants fit to 

 set out anywhere. 



It may occur to some that it would be a saving of labor 

 to transplant at a foot apart from the seed bed, and leave 

 the transplants two years to develop, but the results will 

 be very different. The plant transplanted every year 

 will have a dense tuft of small rootlets, at no great depth 

 from the surface, while the plant which remains two 

 years in the same place will develop the main root and 

 send it deep down into the soil, involving a great deal 

 more labor in removing and transplanting it. 



With these nursery-raised plants, blanks in the forest 

 may be filled up or plantations planted, as may be de- 

 sired. 



SNAP SHOTS. 



TT is urged by some of the members of kennel clubs 

 J- that the growth of the associate membership of the 

 American Kennel Glub will be at the expense of the 

 strength of local clubs. The contention is that if an 

 individual joins the A. K. C, paying his annual $5 fee 

 there, he will not be ready to put his hand into his pocket 

 for the support of his home club. In this way the home 

 clubs will dwindle and fall away; there will be fewer 

 local exhibitions, and dog shows will be confined to two 

 or three of the large cities. We do not share this opinion. 

 Dog shows — in cities or towns — have always been pro- 

 moted by individuals who thought that they could make 

 something out of the shows; they will be given on pre- 

 cisely the same lines in the future, whether or not the 

 promoters are associate members of the American Kennel 

 Club. 



C. P. Kunhardt left this port on Tuesday of last week 

 on the steamship Conserva, bound for Samana, San Dom- 

 ingo. The Conserva had been fitted out by him as a man- 

 of-war, and he was taking her down to deliver her to the 

 purchasers. On Sunday a vessel from the south reported 

 having passed wreckage, which was thought by some to 

 have been that of the Conserva. Later arrivals have 

 brought word of similar observations by other vessels, 

 and the finding of the Conserva's life boats gives strong 

 confirmation of the fear that the ship may have been 

 sunk by a collision with some other craft unknown. The 

 details, however, are so meagre and the information is so 

 slight that later advices may prove this apprehension of 

 the Conserva's fate to be unfounded; and we are not ut- 

 terly precluded from entertaining the hope that Mr, 

 Kunhardt may have reached his destination in safety. 



We publish tc-day the new shooting rules of the 

 American Shooting Association. They have been care- 

 fully framed and adopted only after mature deliberation 

 on the several points involved. The officers of the Asso- 

 ciation express the hope that these new rules will be so 

 generally adopted that their purpose of insuring uni- 

 formity of shooting conditions shall be attained; 



