220 



FOREST AND STREAM SUPPLEMENT. 



[April 4, 1889. 



81bs. in weight. It may be recognized at once by its 

 minute scales. When it first comes in from sea its flesh 

 is very palatable, but soon deteriorates as the spawning 

 season advances. It is one of the most northerly species 

 of its genus. 



2. The Blueback Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 

 Fig. 2 — Other names of this fish are redfish andsuckeye; 

 the Russian name is krasnya ryba, moaning redfish. 

 This species is next in size to the humpback; its weight 

 averaging less than lOlbs. Its flesh is very red, hence it 

 is a great favorite for canning. It makes long; journeys 

 up the rivers, almost equalling the quinnat salmon as a 

 traveler. On Frazer's River it is the chief salmon , and 

 millions of its eggs are artificially hatched annually and 

 the fry liberated in the streams. It ranges from the Col- 

 umbia River to the Yukon. 



3. The Dog Salmon (Oncorhynchtis keta). Fig. 3.— 



occurs only in the large rivers. Commercially it is more 

 important than any of the others, and it has received 

 more attention from fishculturists than the rest of the 

 species. 



6. The Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Fig. 6.— 

 This is also called Kennebec salmon and Maine salmon. 

 It inhabits the north Atlantic, ascending rivers in 

 north era Europe and America. The size that this species 

 attains is too well known to need mention. A few years 

 ago the British Museum obtained a specimen weighing 

 SOlbs. The results of artificial propagation by which the 

 species has been established as far south as the Delaware 

 River are known to every one. The landlocked form, 

 known as the Sebago salmon, landlocked salmon or win- 

 ninish, inhabits some streams and lakes of Maine and 

 Canada. It has been introduced into many other lakes 

 southward and westward. Eggs were earned recently to 

 the vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. The variety thrives in 



is about 61bs. It is not anadromous to any great extent 

 in its original habitat. 



9. The Brown Trout (Salmo fario). Fig. 9.— Brook 

 trout of Europe. Native in the rivers of the Maritime 

 Alps, also in rivers and lakes of northern and central 

 Europe. Non-migratory, Extensively introduced in the 

 United States, where it is thriving and constantly gain- 

 ing favor. It is said to reach ITlbs. in weight, and its 

 game qualities are greatly praised. 



10. The Loch Leven Trout (Salmo levenensis). Fig. 

 10. — This trout inhabits Loch Leven and other lakes of 

 southern Scotland and the north of England. It is non- 

 migratory. Dr. Day considers it to be a variety of the 

 brown trout. The species is an excellent one, growing 

 to a weight of lOlbs., and affording fine sport to anglers; 

 it has been introduced into New York, New Hampshire 

 and other New England States, Iowa, Minnesota, Michi- 



Fig. IT. Rio Grande Trout. 



Fig. 8a. Rainbow Trout— Young. 



Fig. 8b. Rainbow Trout— Adult. 



Fig. 10. Loch Leven Trout. 



Fig. 15. Lake Trout. 



Fig. 16. Dolly Varden Trout. 



Known also as hycho and Le Kai salmon. The average 

 weight of this species is about 121bs., becoming some- 

 what larger in Alaska. It is found as far north as Kot- 

 zebue Sound. It has very little economic value, except 

 in the dried condition, and is used principally for dog 

 food. 



4. The Silver Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Fig. 4. 

 — Its common names are kisutch, coho salmon, hoopid 

 salmon, skowitz, bielaya ryba (Russian). This is one of 

 the choice salmon of the west; it ranges from San Fran- 

 cisco northward to the Yukon. It is a small species run- 

 ning up the streams in the fall; its average weight is 

 under 101b?., larger specimens occurring in the northern 

 portion of its habitat. 



5. The Quinnat Salmon (Oncorhynchus chouicha). 

 Fig. 5. — Other names are king salmon; chinnook, Colum- 

 bia River salmon, Tyee salmon, Sawkwey and chouicha. 

 This is the largest and most valuable species. Specimens 

 measuring 5ft. in length and weighing nearly 901bs. have 

 been taken in Cook's Inlet and the Yukon River. It 

 makes long journeys, penetrating into the interior more 

 than 1,000 miles to reach the headwaters of streams; it 



Colorado, at an elevation of 8,000ft. and upward. This 

 form is generally smaller than the anadromous one, and 

 differs slightly in coloration. 



7. Gairdner's Trout (Salmo gairdneri). Fig. 7.— 

 Known also as steelhead, hardhead, salmon trout, ahshut 

 (Sitka). This species ranges from California to southern 

 Alaska, where it spawns in spring. It spends much of the 

 time at sea. In its adult state it resembles the Atlantic 

 salmon in shape and general appearance. In the breed- 

 ing season it has broad crimson bands along the sides. 

 Specimens weighing SOlbs. have been taken. It grows to 

 a much larger size than the rainbow, with which it has 

 sometimes been confused. 



8. The Rainbow Trout (Salmo ifideus). Fig. 8.— 

 The rainbow is sometimes called California brook trout. 

 It is a native of streams west of the Sierra Nevada Moun- 

 tains and ranges southward nearly to the Mexican line. 

 Its northern limit is uncertain, but it probably extends to 

 Sitka, Alaska. This fish has been extensively introduced 

 into the Eastern States, and is now well established in 

 Europe. The maximum weight reached by the rainbow 



gan, Wisconsin and elsewhere in the West. The black 

 spots of the sides are encircled with a narrow pale blue 

 border in life. 



11. The Rio Grande Trout (Salmo spilurus). Fig. 

 11. — Mountain streams of the upper Rio Grande and 

 Basin of Utah. A handsome trout, reaching 18in. in 

 length. The scales anteriorly much smaller than on 

 second half of body. Teeth in middle of roof of mouth 

 in a double series. Black spots few on first half of body,, 

 numerous on second half and on dorsal, caudal and anal 

 fins. A large and fleshy adipose dorsal. This is one of the 

 best food and game fishes in the region which it in- 

 habits. 



12. The Red -throated Trout (Salmo purpuratus). 

 Fig. 12. — Clark's trout; salmon trout. This fine game 

 species is common in the Rocky Mountain region and the 

 Cascades ; its limit in Alaska is the peninsula of Aliaska. 

 The red-throated trout reaches a length of 80in. and 

 sometimes exceeds 201bs. in weight. The species is vari- 

 able; the Lake Tahoe trout, Utah trout and Kansas trout 

 have been considered as mere color variations with 

 smaller scales than the typical purpuratus. Bouvier's 



