286 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[Apeil 11, 1889. 



about the pool very freely, but did not leap like a salmon. 

 Yet he f ought Tery hard, keeping up a continual struggle 

 and rolling over and over in a way Which bore very hard 

 on the tackle. This for about ten minutes, When I got 

 him alongside the canoe, and Joe lifted him in with the 

 net, a beautiful 31b. trout, fresh, run from the sea. 

 Directly I hooked another, which after a contest of five 

 minutes escaped. Then a third, which I killed in (en 

 minutes, of the same size as the first. I then rose and 

 killed two more in the same pool, of 2| and 21bs., when 

 they stopped rising, and we went ashore and cooked one 

 of our trout for dinner. It was almost alive when dressed, 

 and was, I think, the finest trout I ever tasted. 



About 8 o'clock we went up the river two miles fur- 

 ther where we found some lovely pools, with rapids be- 

 tween them. Joe's eyes were so keen that lie was able by 

 looking into the pools to tell me if there were fish in 

 them. Casting from the bank I took five trout of from 2 

 to 31bs. weight from the first two pools, then to a third , 

 where I hooked a pair. I landed one, 3-pounder, but tb.p 

 other escaped by breaking my hook at the bend. As 

 with that hook I had killed a 91b. salmon, the week be- 

 fore, I shall always imagine that the size of this trout 

 was tremendous. 



By this time sunset approaching, the sand flies and 

 mosquitoes were becoming very troublesome, so we 

 went into camp, building a fire in* a thick hemlock grove, 

 and covering the ground with a thick bed of boughs, 

 which with our blankets made a soft and elastic couch, 

 with a freshness and fragrance all it own. After a 

 delicious supper of trout and tea (tea is the one thing 

 needful for these Micinacs, they want it at every meal) 

 I turned in, but was aroused about; midnight by Joe, who 

 told me that a heavy storm was coming on. and we 

 must seek shelter under the canoe. With "the aid of a 

 torch we found our way through the black night to the 

 river bank, where we crept under the canoe, and staid 

 there for more than an hour, the rain pouring in torrents, 

 from which, however, we were entirely protected by this 

 birch bark umbrella. Eekindling our fire when the 

 storm had passed by, we slept well for the rest of the 

 night. 



After an early breakfast the next morning we went up 

 the river to another pool. The rain had ceased, but a 

 heavy fog hung about the river, and the insects were so 

 savage that after killing a brace of good trout I concluded 

 to return down the river, the rather that there were 

 indications of an approaching storm. 



Going down stream was easy, it took not much over an 

 hour to reach the bridge, a distance which had used up 

 most of the previous day to perform. Three miles below 

 our camp we found some Micrnacs, who had been up and 

 down the river spearing the fish by torchlight. They had 

 driven the trout from the pools, and killed a large num- 

 ber, which they were taking to Dalhousie for sale. 

 Hence our ill success in the lower part of the river. 

 Nothing so much alarms trout and salmon as this night 

 spearing, which is forbidden by the laws of the Dominion, 

 but as there is no fish warden on the Nouvelle, these In- 

 dians from Campbellton are spoiling the river. 



The absence of small trout, however, in this river is a 

 mystery; they breed here, but probably the small fish 

 remain in the headwaters until they are large enough to 

 seek the ocean, I had also expected to fun} brook trout, 

 as in the Eestigouche; but saw none. I caught two or 

 three young salmon, or parr, about 4in. long, which I 

 restored uninjured to the river. This shows that salmon 

 do sometimes enter the Nouvelle. 



In the pool where I took the first trout the day before 

 my Indians espied trout running up; they stopped the 

 canoe, and by careful casting I secured a brace, of 24lbs. 

 each. 



By this time the wind was blowing in heavy gusts from 

 the eastward, and thick clouds had shut in all around. 

 A storm was coming on fast, and Joe declared that it 

 would be impossible to go round the point with a heavy 

 sea on, and that by landing at the ruins of the old bridge, 

 about five miles from the river's mouth, we could get a 

 horse and cart to take the canoe across the hills to the 

 bay, opposite to Dalhousie, and I, for my part, was glad 

 to avoid the three portages. 



So we stopped at the ruins of the old bridge, where the 

 road formerly crossed the river; not far off lived a farmer 

 who let us have his horse and cart with a boy to bring 

 them back, to convey canoe and baggage to Muskoka, 

 on the Bay, a distance of three miles, for the charge of 

 a dollar. 



The road over the hills was good; it skirted the forest, 

 where the ground was carpeted with the richest of mosses 

 and spangled with blossoms of epigea, linnea and other 

 spring beauties, although it was the middle of July. By 

 noon we embarked on the bay, here about three miles 

 wide. When we got out from the shelter of the land the 

 wind struck us heavily and the sea was high: a bark 

 canoe, however, if not too deeply laden, is a very buoyant 

 and lively vessel, and although in mid channel, where 

 there was a choppy sea, we took in some water, on the 

 whole we made very good weather of it and landed at 

 Dalhousie about 1 P. M., just in time to escape a heavy 

 storm of wind and rain, which lasted twenty -four hours. 

 I had a string of twelve trout, which weighed 311bs., 

 besides those we had eaten, but it was thought to be a 

 poor showing for the Nouvelle, excusable only by the 

 Indian depredations on the river. I have heard of 2001bs. 

 being taken on this river by one rod in three days. 



S. C. Clarke. 



nt\nl <§wtorij. 



New York, Aug. 9, 1888— 77. S. Cartridge Co., Lowell, Mass. - 

 Gentlemen: Your new primers gave me the best of satisfaction, 

 I have averaged nearly 80 per cent, of kills both on live birds and 

 targets ever since I began to use them. Yours truly, (Signed) M. 

 M. F. Lindsley, Supt. American Wood Powder Co., West Hobo- 

 ken, N. J.— Adv. 



Forest and Stream. Box 2,832, N. Y. city, has descriptive illus- 

 trated circulars of W. B. Lefflngwell's book, "Wild Fowl Shoot- 

 ing," which will be mailed free on request. The book is pro- 

 nounced by "Nanit," "Gloan," "Dick Swiveller," "Sybillene" and 

 other competent authorities to be the best treatise on the subject 

 extant. 



Forceful Facts— Humphreys 1 Veterinary Specifics are not an 

 experiment. They have been in use among farmers, livery stable, 

 horse railroad and turfmen and in the United States Army for 

 many years. Their use is free from danger to the animal. They 

 are simple. They are readily and easily given. They cure more 

 quickly than any other medicine, and every ten dollars invested 

 in them saves one hundred. The treatment is humane, and the 

 diagnosing the disease and giving of medicine is such as any man 

 can master without difficulty. A complimentary copy of Dr. 

 Humphreys' Veterinary Manual (500 pages) on treatment and 

 care of domestic animals sent free upon application to the com- 

 pany, 109 Fulton street, New York. 



THE INSECTIVORA. 



BY R. W. SHUFELDT, M.D., C.M.Z.S. 



IN the Insectivora we have to deal with a small though 

 markedly diversified order of nearly cosmopolitan 

 range. With us hi this country they are represented only 

 by such diminutive animals as the shrews and moles, but 

 notwithstanding this modesty in size, we see in the struc- 

 ture of these creatures, especially in their dentition, 

 characters which point in the direction of a far more 

 formidable group of animals, the Carnivora, while, as 

 I said in my last contribution, they also hold in common 

 certain characters which link them with the bats. 



To continue the Provisional List of the U. S. National 

 Museum, we find them classified as follows: 



ORDER INSECTIVORA. Jnsk. tivoi:i:s. 

 Suborder INSECTIVORA-VERA. Typical Insecttvoues. 

 Family Sorictdas. The Shrews. 

 Neosorex navigator, Cooper. Water Shrew. Washington Terri- 

 tory. 



Neosarcx pains tris (Rich.) Coues. 



Sorex trowbridgei, Baird. Trowbridge's Shrew. Washington 



Territory. 

 Surer parus. Say. 



Sorex fosteri, Richardson. Foster's Shrew. Hudson's Bay. New 

 York, Pennsylvania. 



Sorex platyrlnwus, Wagner. Eared Shrew. Vermont, Massachu- 

 setts and Ohio. 



Sorex covperi, Baehman. Cooper's Shrew. Labrador to Nebraska. 

 Sorex hoyi, Baird. Hoy's Shrew. Racine, Wisconsin. 

 Surer crawfordl. Baird. Crawford's Shrew. 

 Sorex pacific us, Baird. Oregon. 



Sorex sphanguicola, Coues. Hudson's Bav Territory. 

 Surer, vene-pacis, Alston. Guatemala. 

 Aloiihurax briidirei, Merriam. Bendire's Shrew. Oregon. 

 Tilarina hrcricanda (Say), Baird. Short-tailed Shrew. Illinois to 

 Nebraska. 



Blarlna cincrea (Bachmau), Baird. Pennsylvania to Florida. 

 Blarinamcxicana, Coues. Mexico. 



Fa mily Talpidas. The Moles. 



Scaiops aquatints aquaticus (Linne), Coues. Common Mole. East- 

 ern United States. 



Scaiops aquaticus argentatus (Aud. and Bach.), Coues. Silver 

 Mole. Prairies west of the Alleghanies. 



Scapamts breweri (Baehman), Pomel. Hairy-tailed Mole. East- 

 ern United States. 



Seapconts Unmnendii (Baehman), Pornel. Oregon Mole. Pacific 

 Slope. 



Condylura cristata (Linne), Illiger. Star-nosed Mole. Northern 

 Oismontane States. 



mnrotrichus gibbsii (Baird), Gunther. Cascade Mountains, Wash- 

 ington Territory. 



Family Solenodontidje. The Solcnodmit*. 



Sol&nodon cubamis, Peters. Cuba. 



Solcnodmt paradoxus, Brandt. Hayti. 



This important order is so small and compact that it 

 becomes possible for me to present a scheme, which I 

 herewith subjoin, showing a complete classification, based 

 upon our present knowledge of the group as a whole: 

 and in this I have been assisted by the author of the 

 "Order Insectivora" Art. Mammalia, in the 9th edition of 

 the Encyclo. Brit. A glance at this comprehensive 

 scheme at once shows us the order Insectivora to be 

 composed, as it is at present known to us, of the colugo, 

 or flying lemur (Galeojnthecus), an animal found Tn- 

 habiting Sumatra, Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, and the 

 Phillippine Islands, and which the older zoologists re- 

 ferred either to the bats or to the lemurs, but which is 

 now generally considered to be an aberrant type of the 

 Insectivora, and has been awarded, as shown above, a 



suborder of its own; of the tupaias, the macroscelides, i 

 the hedgehogs, the shrews, the moles, the potamoga- 

 lides, the solenodontes, the taurecs {CentetidaJ), and the 

 golden moles (GhrysocMorida;). 



Either species of Galeojnthecus are extremely interest- 

 ing forms to study; G. volans has a total length from tip 

 to tip of about 2ft., and is at once to be recognized by its 

 volar membranes, which at its sides stretch between its 

 long, slender limbs as in the flying squirrel, then all 

 its fingers are webbed to the bases of the claws, while 

 finally it has an immense interfemoral membrane as in 

 the bats, which includes its tail. 



This animal is nocturnal in its habits, and lives on in- 

 sects and the leaves of certain trees; while during the day 

 it may be occasionally found in the shades of its native 

 forests, hanging head downward by its feet from some 

 branch of a tree, precisely as some of the bats do. By 

 means of its integumentary parachute, it sails through ■ 

 the air much in the same manner as do flying squirrels, 

 often making flights of some 70yds. or more. In the 

 female the breasts are pectoral as in Chiropiera, and she 

 never bears more than twins, though one young one at a 

 time is the rule with her, and this clings to her breast, 

 nursing even while she makes her aeriel flights from tree 

 to tree. 



The tupaias are squirrel-like, arboreal Insectivora, 

 which are also found in the Malay Peninsula and the 

 larger islands of the East Indies. A very interesting 

 form is the pentail (P. lowii), a species of this family, the 

 only representative of its genus and a native of Borneo. 

 It is "remarkable for its long tail, two-thirds naked, hav- 

 ing the terminal third furnished with a double fringe 

 of long hairs. Its habits are probably similar to those of 

 the tupaias, of which it may be further noticed that they 

 alone among Insectivora are day-feeders." (Dobson). 

 The macrocelides are small terrestrial animals confined 

 to the African continent. They look something like 

 mice and have hindlimb3 much as in the jerboas, being 

 like them, jumpers. They have proboscis-like snouts, 

 which has given them the name of elephant mice in some 

 quarters. Insects and certain vegetables are their prin- i 

 cipal foods, while they are found to live in dry, rocky 

 localities. It is said that they are easily tamed, and make 

 very interesting little pets. Their fur is soft, and usually 

 of some shade of tan color. Ten species have up to the 

 present writing come to the knowledge of science. 



We next note the hedgehogs, of which there are nine- 

 teen species known, inhabiting various regions of Europe, 

 Asia and Africa. England's little spiny, nocturnal, ball- I 

 rolling-rip hedgehog is almost as well known to us as our I 

 own woodchuck, < 



Then next follow the shrews (Soricidce) and the moles I 

 (Talpid/e), but as these are the only two families of In- 

 sectivora represented in our United States fauna, I will ' 

 devote space to their consideration further on. 



Coming to the family Potamogalidre, we find Potaino- 

 gale and Geogale tersely described by Dobson, and of P. 

 relax he says that "this most interesting species inhabits 

 the banks of streams in west equatorial Africa, and its 

 whole structure indicates an aquatic life. It is nearly 2ft. 

 in length, the tail measuring about half. The long cylin- 

 drical body is continued uninterruptedly into the thick, 

 laterally compressed tail, the legs are very short, and the 

 toes are not webbed, progression through the water evi- I 

 dently depending wholly on the action of the powerful I 

 tail, while the limbs are folded inward and backward. 

 The muzzle is broad and flat, and the nostrils protected 

 by valves. The fur is dark brown above, the extremities 



Suborder. 

 1. Dcrmoptera 



2. InsecUvora-vera. ■ 



Families. 



Galeopithecidcc 



Tupaitdai 



Macroscelidce. 



[ Subfamily Gymitvriittr 



Erinaceidcv -! 



(Hedgehogs.) 



I. Subfamily Erinaeeince ■ 



General. Examples. 

 ] Oaleopitbecus { g- flj/fa^ 



j Tupaia -j T.elliotii. 



I Ptilocercus -j P. lowii. 



l Macroscelides | M. tctradactylus. 



I Rhynehocyon.. ■! R. ecmei. 



f g-gg^ 



( E. europceus (com- 

 , mon hedgehog.) 



( Erwifltceus < A', micropus, and 17 



I other species of 

 [ hedgehogs. 



f Anourosorex ■! A. squamipes. 



Sorlcidce (Shrews).. 



I Crocidum 



| Blarina 



-{ Sorex 



— -j C. aranea. 



.... -j B. cinerca, 



.... | S.hoyi. 



Neosorex -j A T , wciTustrfe, 



Crossopus j C.fodiens. 



Nectogale 



Atophyrax 



A. ehyaits, 

 A. bendlrei. 



Talpidce (Moles). 



Subfamily Myogalince.. 



I Myogale - M. moschata. 



-j Uropsilus 



I Urotrichm 



-j U. soricipes. 

 \ U. taVpoides. 



I Subfamily Tal'pince ... 



Scaiops... -j S. a. aquaticus, 



Scapanus j S. breweri. 



Cnndtjlura 



Scaptoiiyx 



Talpa 



-j C. cristata. 



...... -J S. fusicaudatus, 



-J T. curopcea. 



PotatnogcUidw.. 

 Solenodontidce . , 



Subfamily VenieUmc. . . 



\ Potamogale j p. velox. 



1 Geogale -j Q. aurita, 



\ Solenodon » §« cubatius. 



1 IS. paradoxus. 



Subfamily OryzoricUiicv,,. 



\ Centetes 



I Heymieenteies. 



J Microgale. 



' Oryzorictes 



\ ChrysochloHdcB j airy80Chlwis „ 



. -j C. ecaudatm. 



. -J H. se mispifiwsus. 



J M. hmgicaudata. 



j o. noma, 



( 0. tctradactylus. 



\ C. obtusirostris. 



