302 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[May 2, mQ. 



AMERICAN FOX HUNTING. 



I,— VIRGINIA STYLE. 



Editor Forest aud Stream: 



"Whether deserved or not,"Tallyho" has been handled with- 

 out gloves for his article on New Eugland fox hunting. In 

 the discussion of the matter there was a conspicuous ab- 

 sence of what "Wells" would term "the courtesies of a 

 newspaper correspondence." Yet "Tallyho" has but ex- 

 pressed the universal sentiment of sportsmen in the section 

 where I dwell. 



Belonging to a club for years which owns one of the best 

 packs of foxhounds to be found in eastern Virginia, while 

 not competent to say that the methods of our New England 

 friends are unsportsmanlike, when the evidence of sports- 

 xneu and gentlemen who are in every way our peers proves 

 the contrary, yet I am entitled to speak for this part of Vir- 

 ginia; and if one should put hounds on reynard's trail 

 here, and then lie iu ambush and shoot him as he runs by, 

 the act would be considered that of a treacherous assassin, 

 of which no true sportsman would be guilty. When, how- 

 ever, the practice is restricted to mountainous and broken 

 districts, where, it is difficult to ride to the hounds, custom 

 has made fox shooting legitimate sport, even in the South. 

 80, as appears from a communication in your issue of the 

 31st ultimo, it is deemed legitimate sport m some localities 

 to surround revuard with a regiment of men, and after he 

 has been chased around by ladies, to ignominiously beat out 

 his brains with clubs. But the man who would pursue 

 either of these methods here would be drummed out of the 

 company of gentlemen sportsmen, and relegated to the 

 society of those who shoot quail on the ground, catch trout 

 in a gill-net, snare grouse, et id ow tie gen as. 



Of all recreations fox hunting as practiced here and else- 

 where in the South is the most delight ful ltisiudeed a 

 royal sport, brought to this country by our forefathers from 

 England, along with laws and institutions which have 

 made us a great and liberty-loving people: and while a 

 snobbish affectation of English tastes and manners is con- 

 temptible in the extreme, yet I confess to be one of those 

 who see in England much to admire. If some of our New 

 England sporting friends will pay me a visit in the fox 

 hunting season it will afford me great pleasure to entertain 

 them aud show them the difference between the Northern 

 and Southern methods of fox hunting. I am sure they will 

 be pleased. 



We have in eastern Virginia three kinds of foxes, t. c, two 

 distinct varieties, the red and the gray, and two kinds of 

 the latter : which though classed as the same variety, have 

 marked diffei-ences in their running qualities. The red fox 

 is the largest, fleetest and most difficult to catch, or, in 

 huntsman's parlance, to "kill." The little swamp gray fox 

 is much more easily caught than the common gray, while 

 the latter affords far more sport than either of the other 

 kinds. During the year just ended, from the commence- 

 ment of the season, viz., from the full moon in July to the 

 first of January, we caught twenty-nine gray and two red 

 foxes in meets in which I participated. Our pack consisted 

 of seventeen hounds besides puppies, aud all told we jumped 

 about forty foxes, not over one-fourth of which escaped. An 

 account of two of these hunts will serve to show the differ- 

 ence in manner of running between the red and the gray 

 fox. 



Thetfi came a warm south wind with rain, which lasted 

 nearly all day, but cleared up toward evening. By break 

 of day next morning a friend and I were in the saddle, with 

 our pack iu spleudid trim, going where we had seen fox 

 signs the day previous to the rain. The dogs, as anxious for 

 the hunt as the huntsmen, disappeared in our front in the 

 twilight. We had gone two miles without hearing a note, 

 when as we reached a hilltop overlooking the James, 

 we heard a single yelp in the valley heyond. Theu came the 

 deep-mouthed hay ot John, whose sobriquet is "Old Reli- 

 able." The rest of the pack, running from all directions, 

 soon mined in, and moved with such celerity as to indicate 

 that the trail was hot, and that they had come suddenly 

 upon reynard. My companion just then stopped, and re- 

 quested me to wait for him to fix his saddle. I chafed at 

 the delay, which was never more inopportune, for while he 

 was doing so the dogs, in full chase, got a long start, and 

 ran almost out of hearing. Supposing the quarry to be a 

 gray fox, and familiar with the course it would ' probably 

 take, which would describe the arc of a circle, we attempted 

 to recover our ground and gain on the dogs by following its 

 chord at full speed. But when we reached the point where 

 we expected to intercept them all sounds from the pack had 

 died away in the distance. After vainly consuming precious 

 time in endeavoring to hear them by changing our positions 

 from one hilltop to another, we retraced our steps supposing 

 they had gone some other course. After going a mile we 

 came upon the tracks of fox and dogs where they entered 

 the road, and rapidly followed on the trail for over a mile to 

 a creek. Here the fox had turned at right angles out of the 

 road and gone south, and from their tracks we saw that the 

 leading dogs had overrun the trail for a short distance, but 

 quickly returned to it. They then crossed a swamp, when 

 the fox again got in a road, which he seemed loathe, to 

 leave, till forced to do so, when he would turn off into 

 the woods, where he would skillfully dodge, and 

 then return to the road. From all this we saw, after 

 going for some" miles, that it was a red fox, and that we 

 would hardly get in the chase again; so w T e reined up and 

 followed on more leisurely. All along people were standing 

 out of doors, and would tell us that the dogs, close behind 

 the fox, were far in advance. We heard of a number of 

 persons who had joined in the chase. Among them was Joe 

 Martin, a poor but honest and industrious man, and an 

 ardent lover of the chase. He afterward told us that he was 

 out of fuel, and while his wife was getting breakfast he 

 hitched his ouly horse to a wagon to haul some wood. As 

 he was about to start his ear caught the notes of the hounds. 

 Nearer and nearer they came, until he could distinguish 

 the notes of some of the dogs with which he was as familiar 

 as be was with the voices of his children. Onward they 

 came, making the hills and forests resound with their ex- 

 citing chorus, till finally the fox, a uohle red, iu all his 

 glory, with head erect and tail straight behind him, crossed 

 the field near Joe's house, and not two hundred yards hehiud 

 bim were the foremost dogs, while immediately in their 

 rear, so close that they might have been covered by a blan- 

 ket, came the main pack, The scene was too much for Joe. 

 In a twinkling the harness was off the horse, and casting a 

 look to his wife, "to mark he would return in haste," he 

 sped after the hounds. The horse was a well-bred animal, 

 and partook of his rider's zest for the chase, and for over an 

 hour followed over fences and ditches, and through fields 

 aud forests, never once being thrown out, until they reached 

 the banks of the North Anna River, where the fox was over- 

 taken and killed by the dogs, fully twelve miles from the 

 spot where he had been struck. 



The distinguishing features of our red fox's habits were 

 displayed in this chase. Its habitat is among the river 

 bluffs and bottoms, and it runs with great speed straight 

 forward, and to great distances, seldom doubling as the 

 gray fox, and preferring roads. It will frequently take to 

 earth, but will never climb a tree; while the gray fox fre- 

 quently climbs trees, but seldom takes to earth. 



On the full moon in the month of December the weather 

 was so warm that during the coolest part of the night the 

 thermometer did not indicate less than forty degrees above 

 zero. We took advantage of the opportunity for a chase, 

 We had gone but a short distance when a trail was struck, 

 -which proved to be that of a gray fox. But it was so far 

 ahead, that although the dogs worked assiduously at the 

 trail for two hours, we were, at the end of that time, 



about as far from the fox as when we first struck 

 him. So we blew the dogs off, and started to re- 

 turn. The couutry iu which we were hunting was 

 undulating, mostly grown up in old field pines, and 

 destitute of fences or cultivated fields, but intersected 

 by numerous roads, the soil of which was sandy, making 

 them delightful for riding. The night was wonderfully 

 bright, and the acoustic properties of the atmosphere per- 

 fect. Two or three dogs were 111 front of us, while the rest, 

 under the impression that the hunt was over, followed 

 behind. Suddenly those in front struck a hot trail and the 

 entire pack instantly joined them. For a long distance they 

 ran eastward and parallel with the road we were in, and 

 then doubled aud ran for two miles or more in a westward 

 direction, through dense pine %voods to an extensive swamp, 

 Here the fox dodged and doubled, until finding an oppor- 

 tunity to get a start, he would leave the swamp and take t< 

 the woods and fields again. But the dogs never lost hit 

 scent, and time and again compelled him to return to the 

 swamp and pursue the same tactics. We were never out of 

 the roads, and never out of hearing of the dogs. Sometimes 

 they would run nearly in a circle around us. and sometimes 

 would run for several miles in a straight course, but would 

 come back again. Many times the fox crossed the road near 

 us, always hard pressed by the yelling pack, and finally was 

 forced to take to a tree. Some of the party held the does, 

 while others made the fox jump out, but although we gave 

 him several minutes the start, the wind had been completely 

 knocked out of him, aud he was speedily overhauled aud 

 killed. This chase lasted fully two hours. 



The fox hunting season ends here on March 1, for in that 

 month the red fox brings forth its young, while the gray is 

 fully one mouth later. M. 



Northsidk, Va. 



MORE CALLS FOR J ACKRABBITS. 



THE interest in coursing seems to grow, and the desire 

 for inclosed meets seems to be hampered only by that 

 old question of how to obtain the jackrabbits. The man 

 who starts a jackrabbit farm will make a fortune. Mr. 

 Charles E. Ireson, of Toronto, writes our Chicago represen- 

 tative as follows: 



"A number of gentlemen of this city have decided to start 

 a coursing club, providing they can secure the jackrabbit 

 which is a native of the Western States. Can you give me 

 information that would enable us to procure some? Do you 

 think that they would be able to stand the journey, and 

 what do you think it would cost to procure them? If you 

 would kindly answer the above questions you would greatly 

 oblige a number of sporting gentlemen who wish to prac- 

 tice their greyhounds by holding coursing meetings." 



There is hardly any reply which can be made to queries 

 like the above. There is no place in the United States 

 where jackrabbits can be had on demand. Doubtless a 

 small army of men with nets could capture quantities after 

 some experiment and great expense, on the plains of Colo- 

 rado, or in the California valleys, but it is very probable that 

 a thousand jackrabbits would cost a thousand dollars. Dr. 

 Van Hummel always insisted that he could catch plenty of 

 jackrabbits in Colorado, but his remarks were made before 

 and not after an actual attempt at it. Mr. Allison, of the 

 Hutchinson Grounds, has the key to the jackrabbit question. 

 His jackrabbit farm is stocking itself. It is probable that 

 the best plan for would-be meets is to obtain a few pairs 

 from Mr. Allison or somebody else, and then to start a farm, 

 waiting for the multiplication of the hares, which is rapid 



A SENSIBLE VIEW.— The Chicago Inter-Ocean deserves 

 mention. It is the one journal of that citv which gives field 

 sports any intelligent handling. Most of the other papers 

 are content to steal an occasional few columns from some 

 abler and broader paper which recognizes the growing im- 

 portance of such news, or to fill a number of columns with 

 slush about pugilism or the dry goods clerks' amusement of 

 base ball; but the Inter-Ocean is wise enough and broad 

 enough to do far more than this. Its issue of April 21 has 

 the following in au editorial upon the local dog question, 

 which is certainly more humane and more interesting than 

 the usual stereotyped editorial of the daily press: "Partly 

 as a result of newspaper censure, partly in deference to 

 popular indignation because of the outrages perpetrated 

 last summer, the local law has manacled the dog killers. 

 The new order requiring the impounding of estray and un- 

 licensed dogs for a length of time sufficient to allow owners 

 to reclaim them is both just and humane. It puts an effec- 

 tual stop to the brutalities of policemen and others who 

 delight in dog killing, and equally availed themselves of 

 the Toose order two years ago to shoot clown or poison all 

 sorts of dogs that chanced to get for a moment beyond the 

 guardianship of their owners. The warfare upon dogs is 

 due to popular ignorance and superstition, man's best friend 

 being by man pitifully misunderstood and wofully abused. 

 While it is, perhaps, proper enough that keepers of dogs 

 should be taxed, that each dog owned in a corporate town 

 or city should be licensed, or be subject to seizure and 

 drowning, a vast deal of needless cruelty, of downright bar- 

 barism is practiced, the sole justification of which is the 

 fallacious notion that dogs have an annual going mad 

 period, during which time they are a public danger." 



MISINFORMATION. — New York, April 22.— Editor For- 

 est and Stream: 1 beg that you will allow me a small 

 share in your columns to reply to certain statements that 

 have lately appeared in your paper, and have emanated I 

 believe from Mr. Chas. H. Mason. I do not know the 

 authority Mr. Mason has for stating that the greyhound 

 Lancashire Witch has been retired, and it seems rather 

 singular that he should follow up that assertion with Ihe 

 statement in criticising the Worcester dog show, that Cas- 

 sandra is the finest greyhound iu America. Before I became 

 the owner of Lancashire Witch, and while she was yet the 

 property of Mr. H. W, Huntington, Mr. Mason was lavish 

 in fiis praises of Lancashire Witch, and I will say without 

 fear of contradition that she was never in better condition 

 than at the shows this year in New York and Philadelphia. 

 I wish, therefore, to contradict the statement concerning 

 her retirement, and to express my surprise that Mr. Mason 

 should go into print with criticisms so grossly at variance 

 with his former expressions, nor can I accept his fulsome 

 laudation of Mr. Huntington's Cassandra as sincere or war- 

 ranted by the opinions of competent judges of the grey- 

 hound. In criticising greyhounds it seems to me that Mr. 

 Mason gives too free a play to personal bias.— Saeah Leg- 

 gett Emory. [It appears that we were misinformed about 

 the retirement of Lancashire Witch. It further appears 

 that our correspondent was also misinformed in relation to 

 the report of the Worcester dog show, as Mr. Mason did not 

 attend that show and did not write a word of that report.] 



CENTRAL FIELD TRIAL CLUB. — Editor Forest and 

 St/ream: At a meeting of the Central Field Trial Club, held 

 at, Philadelphia April 10, the following officers were unani- 

 mously elected: President, Mr. E. R. Coleman, of Lebanon, 

 Pa.; 1st Vice-President, Mr. J. M. Trac.y. of Ocean Springs, 

 Miss., 2d Vice-President, Mr. Eugene' W. Durkee, of New 

 York city; Secretary and Treasurer, C. H. Odell, of New 

 York city. I am directed by the club to again give public 

 notice that entries for our Derbies close. May 15. Any one 

 desiring further information can receive same by applying 

 to C. H. Odell, Sec'y and Treas. Central Field Trial Club, 

 Mills Building; New York city. 



THE DUQUESNE KENNEL CLUB.— At a meeting held 

 by our most prominent sportsmen, at the rooms of the 

 Sportsmen's Association on April 23, the Duquesne Kennel 

 Club was formed with a capital stock of $3,000, with the 

 following officers: S. L. Boggs, Pres.; J. O'H. Denny, Vice- 

 Pres.; John M. Chaplin, Treas.; and W. E. Littell, Sec'y. 

 The Directors are: S. L Hoggs, J. O'H. Denny, William 

 Wade, Dr. J. S. Phillips, J. H. Lyle, Jas. McKnight and W. 

 E. Littell. The object of this club is to improve the different 

 breeds of dogs, the establishment of a kennel club, and to 

 hold bench shows, The club will apply for admission to 

 the American Kennel Glut), as soon as possible, and will 

 hold a show next March, which will be run on a liberal 

 basis. The premium list will be liberal, about i|2,500 in cash 

 prizes given, not including specials. Spratts will be secured 

 to do the benching and feeding, and Prof. Parker to amuse 

 the people with his trained dogs. Everything will be done 

 that can be done to make the. show a success. The Duquesne 

 Kennel Club is au entirely new organization, and is in no way 

 connected with the Western Pennsylvania Poultry Society, 

 or any other societv or association.— W. E. Littell, Sec'y 

 D, K. C. (Pittsburg, PaJ 



ST. BERNARD PUPPY MEASUREMENTS.— -Editor 

 Forest and Stream: Last Christmas I was the recipient of a 

 grand present from Miss Anna H. Whitney in the shape of 

 the rough-coated St. Bernard puppy, Odac.sep, by imported 

 Beauehamp and out of imported Lady Hanley. Odacsep 

 being six months old to-day, I took pains to measure him 

 accurately, the result being as follows: Weight, 1031bs.; 

 extreme length, 67j^in.; height at shoulder, 26in.; spread of 

 ears, 19).<in.; girth of chest, 32Min.; head, ' 19%iu.; muzzle, 

 13 l ^in.; forearm, lO^in.; forefoot, SlUn. He is not fat, but 

 in good growing condition.— C. VAN W. Fish (Cleveland, 

 O., April 12). 



CHICAGO DOG SHOW.— Chicago, April 22.— Editor 

 Forest and Stream: Please accept sincere thanks for your 

 kindly criticisms of our late show. No one knows and ap- 

 preciates its many failings better than myself, nor can any 

 one appreciate your indulgence more fully than I do. It was 

 a first effort, and I can assure you that with some other at 

 the helm next year Mascoutah will steer clear of some, at 

 least of the rocks upon which she struck this, — R. B. F. 

 Durkee. 



KENNEL NOTES. 



Notes mast be sent on prepared blanks, which are fur- 

 nished free on receipt of stamped and addressed envelope 

 of large letter size. Sets of 300 of any one form, bound for 

 retaining duplicates, are gent for 30 cents. 



NAMES CLAIMED. 



pf* Notes must be sent on the Prepared Blanks. 



Toledo Don and Toledo Duke. By Toledo Kennels, Toledo, Q., for 

 liver and white pointer dogs, whelped Aug. 21, 1888, bv Duke of 

 I!,— cm out. of Polka (Bans Bang-Countess). 



Cavalier, Buff Be.mtfort, and Belle Beaufort.. By Geo. W. Lovell, 

 Middleboro, Mass., for liver and white, pointer dog and lemon and 

 white and black and white bitches, whelped March 4, 1889, by 

 Beaufort H. out of Belle of Maine. 



Lily of the Valley. By Rural Kennels, Wakefield, Mass.. for 

 white English setter bitch, whelped June, 1885, by Bolus's Blue 

 Dick (Blue Dash— Jolly May) out of Bella Gladstone (Gladstone- 

 Jessamine). 



Annie Lisle. Rosebud and Zylla II. By St. Cloud Kennels, Molt 

 Haven, New York, for red Irish setter bitches, whelped March 25, 

 1889, bv "Roval Ruby (champion Glencho— Lady Edith) out of Zylla 

 (St. Cloud— Princess Ida). 



Marguerite and May Bhjssom. By St. Cloud Kennels, Molt 

 Haven, New York, for red Irish sutler bitches, wheloed March 8B, 

 1889, by Kelso (champion Glencho— Sweetheart) out, of Zephyr (St. 

 Cloud— Princess Ida). 



SarslicUVs Blaze, Iowa Lad, Western Chief. Nejiaul and Flash 

 Boy. By F. H. Perry, Des Moines, la., for rod Irish setter dogs, 

 whelped Dec. 24, 1888, by Sarstield (Garryowen -Ourrer Bell II.) 

 out of Nino (Eleho Noreen). 



Prairie Rose, Nina, and Curinnr. By F. 11. Perry, Des Moines, 

 la., for red Irish setter bitches, whelped Dec. 24, 1888, by Sarafleld 

 (Garryowen— Currer Bell 11.) out of Nino (Elcho— Noreen), 



NAMES CHANGED. 

 Patsy to Clarcmont Patsy. By F. H. Perry, Des Moines, la., for 

 red Irish setter dog. whelped Aug. 20, 1885, by Frisco out. of Nellie 

 IX. 



BRED. 



Notes must be sent on the Prepared Blanks. 



Marguerite II.— Shrewsbury Spring. J. H. Day's (Red Bank, N. 

 J.) pointer bitch Marguerite II. (A.K.R. 5155.) to W. V. Bennett's 

 Shrewsbury Spring (Mainspring— Fly), April 19. 



Toadies— Macbeth. Dr. G. W. Dixon's (Worcester, Mass.) pug 

 bitch Toodles ; A.K.R, 2147) to W. C. Wing's Macbeth, April 29. 



Young Topsy— Bradfcjrd Ruby II. Geo. W. Hood's (Middle-town, 

 O.) pug bitch Young Topsy (Joe II.— Topsy) to Ebcrhart Pug Ken- 

 nels' Bradford Ruby II. (champion Bradford Ruby— Puss B.), 

 April 20. 



Kelpie— Ben Hill. E. O. Damon's (Northampton, Mass.) English 

 setter bitch Kelpie (Doncaster— Princess Pearl) to J. S. Hudson's 

 Ben Hill (Druid-Ruby). Apiil 23. 



Bess— Phil Warwick. Mr. Jewett'a (Lakevillc, Mas?.) English 

 setter bitch Bess to Geo. W. Lo veil's Phil Warwick (Cid— Victoria), 

 April 25. 



Winnie II.— Eleho, Jr. E. O. Damon's (Northampton, Mass.) 

 Irish setter bitch Winnie 11. (Frisco— Grouse It.) to Dr. W. Jar- 

 vis's Elcho, Jr., April 20. 



Lady Edith— Tim. J. H. Ackroyd's (Saylerville, R. I ) Irish set- 

 ter bitch Lady Edith (Rory O' More— Lady Berkley) to Max Wen- 

 zel's Tim (Biz— Hazel), April 21. 



Belle— Tim. Nelson Mcintosh's (Providence, R. I.) Irish setter 

 bitch Belle (Chief— Bizreena) to Max Wenzel's Tim (Biz— Hazel), 

 March 17. 



Sally— ■Tim. Geo. Langran's < Yorikers. N. Y.) Irish setter bitch 

 Sally (Chief— Princess Alice) to Max Wenzel's Tim (Biz— Hazel), 

 April 22. 



Jersey Beauty II— Red Dash. Jas. Holt's (Phillipsburg, N. J.) 

 Irish setter bitch Jersey Beauty II. (Tim— Jersev Beauty) to J.M. 

 Fuchs's Red Dash (Arlington— Doe), April 21. 



Yoube— Chief. Max Wenzel's (Hoboken, N. J.) Irish setter hitch 

 Yoube (Elcho— Rose) to his Chief (Berkley- Duck), Feb. 16. 



Ready— lied Dash. Max Wenzel's (HoLoken, N. J.) Irish setter 

 bitch Ready (Chief— Yoube) to J. M. Fuehs's Red Dash (Arlington 

 —Doe), Feb. 10. 



Rosie— Chief . Max Wenzel's (Hoboken, N. J.) Irish setter hitch 

 Rosie (Tim— Yoube) to his Chief (Berkley— Duck), March 12. 



Black Mey— Black Pete. H. S. Reynolds's (Poughkeepsie, N. Y.) 

 cocker spaniel bitch Black Meg (Obo II. Darkie) to J. P. Willey's 

 Black Pete (Obo, Jr.— Phonsie), March 19. 



Venom— Trentham Baron. H. W. Holmes's (New York) bull-ter- 



er bitch Venom (Grand Duke— Marguerite) to F. F. Dole's Tren- 

 tham Baron (Trent ham Dutch— Trentham Belie), Feb. 27. 



Royal Rose— Trentham Baron. F. F. Dole's (New Haven, Conn.) 

 bull-terrier bitch Royal Rose (Randolph— Nell) to his Trentham 

 Baron (Trentham Dutch — Trentnam Belle), April 2. 



Bess— Trentham Baron. E. B. Curtis's (New York) hull-terrier 

 bitch Bess (Dutch, Jr.— Young Venom) to F. F. Dole's Trentham 

 Baron (Trentham Duch— Trentham Belle), March 28. 



WHELPS. 



Notes must be sent on the Prepared Blanks. 



Rural Neva. Rural Kennels" (Wakefield, Mass.) English setter 

 bitch Rural Neva (Pride of Dixie— Fairy Belle), April 20, six (three 

 dogs), by A. M. Tucker's Gus Bondhu (Dashing Bondhu— Novel). 



Lady. Ray Tompkins's (Elmira, N. Y.) Irish setter bitch Lady 

 (Rory O'More— Gay), March 15, seven (five dogs), by Max Wenzel's 

 Tim (Biz— Hazel). 



Yoube. Max Wenzel's (Hoboken, N. J.) Irish setter bitch Yoube 

 (Elcho— Rose), April 20, seven (four dogs), by his Chief (Berkley- 

 Duck). 



Red Belle. J. H. Hitchcock's (Sing Sing, N. Y.) Irish set- 

 ter bitch Red Belle (Glencho— Tara), April 12, thirteen (seven 

 dogs), by Max Wenzel's Tim (Biz— Hazel); all since dead. 



SALES. 



£2?'" Notes must be sent on the Prepared Blanks. 



Harlequin . White and red bulldog, whelped Aug. 6, 1888, by Lion 

 out of Thespian, by R. B. Sawyer, Birmingham, Conn,, to H, D. 

 Kendall, Lowell, Mass, 



