FOREST AMD SimfiAM. 



[Deo. 20, 1888. 



THE THORNYCROFT WATERTUBE BOILER. 



ever see a would-be racer take an even start, if he could help 

 it? When I was? a hoy learning to skate I somehow got it worked 

 into my small head that 1 could go like a locomotive: but 

 one day a bigger boy came along, and I did not think so any 

 mure. And "we appeared to be sailing well (ill that boat com- 

 menced to sail away from us — then we appeared to standstill. 

 You would have thought, from Horace's countenance that he 

 had jnst heard of the commitment of one of his godsons for 

 burglary and arson; and I don't know how I looked, but I felt 

 cheap. Bui- everyone of the live faces turned toward us resem- 

 bled the cut with which almanac makers were wont to depict a 

 full moon. "H.," said I "if you'd trim that sheet closer she'd go 

 better.'' He turned op. me a sickly look and replied: "She is 

 •doing about all there is in her." Our competitors seeing that if 

 they held their course they would get no nearer view of us, and 

 thinking they could well afford to make the experiment of sail- 

 ing around us, paid off and took up a position on the same tack 

 with us, and 20yds. to leeward. The third stretch thereafter, 

 they were some distance astern and directly in oirr wake. We 

 were just gathering way after going on our starboard tack when 

 by a gross breach ot the rules of the road, they stayed and lay 

 their bow right across our course. I was going too near the 

 wind io luff by, and I was determined not to lose ray "pull," so 

 we shot by her lee side before she got way on. "Now," said I, "H., 

 flatten that sheet, I'm going to take my place," and I crossed her 

 bow and took, my position a little on her weather. H. kept the 

 sheet in, and at the end of the tack we were still ahead. On the 

 next we increased our lead. To say they were astonished is to 

 put it mildly. The live fuD moons contracted as you have seen 

 the pupil of' a cat's eye upon her transition from a dark corner to 

 bright sunlight. They glanced right aod left, and then aloft to 

 see what was wrong with their boat. Everything was as before; 

 and yet unmistakably we wore leaving them. Perhaps they mis- 

 took the altered expression of our countenance for guile, anyhow 

 they addressed us. "The wind was falling," they said, "their 

 boat would not work well in a falling wind." We informed them 

 that we were just pining for a little more of that same article, 

 for, what with two heavy men, their camp dunnage, and 601bs. 

 of ballast, there was a good deal of weight to be driven by our 

 small sail area. They asked a few questions about our boat and 

 then bore away through the marsh tor the opposite shore, Our 

 elation was not lessened by the fact that we were sure they 

 would think wc had played it "foxy" on them, by purposely 

 allowing them to beat us at first. Partly on account of the repu- 

 tation hitherto borne by their boat, and partly because of a 

 fancied likeness to a certain green pea of that name, which 

 crowds a good deal of pea in one pod, we ever after spoke of 

 them as "the champions of England." 



Just opposite Armstrong's Point, and about four miles from our 

 former camp, we came to a hard stony shore, and, with an eye to 

 fuel supply, we made our noon halt at a place where someone had 

 hewn a stick of timber. In the early days of the country, this had 

 been the site of a, considerable Melicete village. A son of the man 

 who first settled on the farm we were camping on had told me 

 many stories of the early experiences of the settlers. Once the 

 Indians formed a plot to drive the whites from their farm and 

 plant corn on it; but it was divulged to my informant in a boast- 

 ing way by one of the Indian children with whom he played. They 

 fortified their cabin and stood off all Indians till the. government 

 sent an agent to treat with them. At another time, when the white 

 men were all away at St. .John after supplies, a rascally whisky 

 trader came in and traded rum for all the beaver skins the In- 

 dians had. Their revels were frightful. The white women and 

 their children took refuge in the fortilied cabin, and prepared to 

 shoot down any Indians who attempted to enter. My friend, who 

 was then a boy eight years of age, insisted on having a gun, and 

 being allowed to watch at a loop-hole. They gave him a lomr 

 fusee, which the men had left unloaded; and the boy loaded it, 

 and eat at his post, all night. When the men came back the next 

 day and examined the gun, with which he played sentry, they 

 found he had loaded it with ten buckshot, and put the shot down 

 first. Luckily the Indians did not take it into their drunken 

 heads to make an attack. As I lay there on the ground I could 

 easily imagine, the actors of those scenes as again present. What 

 fleets of canoes then must have occupied the place of our one little 

 lapstreak! And what had become of them all? And for thatmat- 

 ter where were the owners of the flotillas of twenty and thirty 

 canoes, which I had myself seen passing up and down, in the 

 spring and fall twenty-five years ago? It scarcely seems possible 

 that so many people could disappear in so short a time. It seemed 

 eminently proper that the crew of the first modern sailing canoe, 

 that visited this place should spend some time in thinking of the 

 fate of some of the pioneers in the canoeing business, and, as my 

 partner is not one ot the men whose thoughts are such poor enm- 

 pauy that he wants to talk all the time, I bad plenty of oppor- 

 tunity. L. I. P. 



ANCIENT CUTTERS AND SLOOPS. 



THE sale of the famous old schooner Alarm for the purpose of 

 breaking up, has lately brought out some facts in connection 

 with her early history, and directed attention to other yachts of 

 her time. The Field gives the following account of some of the 

 earliest cutters, from which the modern cutter yacht was derived. 

 The old distinction between cutter and sloop is quite interesting, 

 as showing that originally the model had nothing to do with the 

 name, but that it depended entirely on the difference of rig: 



"The very interesting letter written bv Mr. Charles Eatsey con- 

 cerning a forgotten match between the Alarm and the Louisa, 

 brings to mind the one time existence of a whole fleet of 200-ton 

 cutters belonging to the Eoyal Navy, for the service of the cus- 

 toms in suppressing smuggling. The smugglers in turn were 

 mostly cutlers, and somo of them were as large as those which 

 were dubbed 'revenue cutters.' In 'Falconer's Marine Dictionary,' 

 published a century ago. we find the following definition of a. cut- 

 ter: 'A small vessel commonly navigated in the channel of Eng- 

 land, furnished with one mast and a straight running bowsprit, 

 which can be run in on the deck occasionally; except" which and 

 the largeness of the sails they are rigged much like sloops. Many 

 of these vessels arc used in an illicit trade, and others employed 

 by the Government to seize them; the latter of which are either 

 under the direction of the Admiralty or Custom House.' 



Tbe Government cu ters were not only associated with smug- 

 glers in the manner described in the foregoing extract, but were 

 sometimes actually built, alongside of them; indeed, we believe it 

 is a fact that Mr. C. White, of Broadstairs, often sold to the Gov- 

 ernment, for a premium, a large cutter he had built lor 'an illicit 

 trade,' much to the disgust of many an honest 'Will Watch.' 

 Thomas White, a ion of Mr. C. White, settled at Cowes about the 

 commencement of the present century, and died in 1859 in his 

 oeighty-sixth year. He was the father of the noted yacht and ship 



designer, the late Mr. Joseph White, of East Cowes (builder of the 

 Louisa cutter and WaterwUeh and Daring brigs), and of Mr. John 

 White of the Medina Dock, West Cowes. 



"But to return to these big cutters, we find from Charnock's 

 'History of Marine Architecture,' that in 1802 there were fifty- 

 eight cutters in H.M.S., and these ranged from 52 tons to 218 tons 

 O. M. Some of the largest were of the following dimensions: 





Name. 



L'gth. 



Br'th 



D'pt. 



Tons. 



Men. 



How acquired. 





Ft. 



Ft. 



Ft. 









Kite 



77'5 



27-1 



10'5 



218 



75 



Bought in 1778. 



Flving Fish. 

 Busy 



75-0 



25-9 



105 



190 



60 



Oil to. 



750 



25-9 



10-5 



190 



60 



Ditto at Folkstone. 



Pigmy 



80-3 



261 



13-2 



801 



70 



Ditto. 



Alert 



78.9 



252 



11-5 



205 



80 



Built in 1779. 



Mutine 



799 



26-1 



101 



215 



70 



Taken from French. 



Pilate 



78 5 



26T 



10-2 



218 



70 



Ditto. 



Hanger 



80-3 



2U-1 





201 



70 



Bought. 



Seaflower... 



72" 6 



20-0 



10-7 



203 



70 



Bought. 



Lapwing 



47»8 



2P1 



8-1 



83 



30 



Bought of C. White, 













Broadstairs, 1764. 



"The length given is on the gun deck, which, according to Peake, 

 was measured between the perpendiculars from the aft side of the 

 rabbet of the stem to the foreside of the rabbet of the stern post. 

 The length used in computing the 'tons' as given in the table, was 

 measured along the keel from tbe rabbet in sternpost to a per- 

 pendicular dropped from the foreside of the stem head. 



The spars for a 200 ton cutter of the Eoyal Navy were as follows: 

 Length, Diameter. 



Mainmast 88ft 22in. 



Topgallant mast 441 1 6^in, 



Bowsprit extreme 64ft 20in. 



Main boom 66ft 14-^in. 



"In Falconer's Dictionary we are told that 'mast and topmast 

 are in one,' and in length are once and a quarter the length of 

 gun deck; to the rigging hounds three-fourths the whole length 

 of spar, gaff three-fifths the length of boom. Diameter of mast, 

 quarter of an inch to every foot of length. Diameter of boom, 

 three-sixteenths of an inch to every foot of length. 



"There is no doubt that the 'competitions' between the big 

 revenue cutters and the smugglers on the south coast did much 

 to make naval architects study the lines of vessels, and Charnock 

 is a witness to this. We can also understand that the reputed 

 speed of these craft induced those men of means, who made 

 yachting a pastime in the Waterloo era, to make their vessels 

 excel in speed, and so began the sport of yacht racing. The com- 

 manders of the revenue cutters had. however, another kind of 

 sport, and a bas-relief on an old tombstone in Binstead church- 

 yard, near Hyde, graphically depicts how a smuggler was occa- 

 sionally brought up. The inscription on the stone is as follows: 

 'To the memory of Thomas Sivell, Avho was cruelly shot on board 

 hia sloop by some officers of the Customs of the Port of Ports- 

 mouth on the 15th of June, 1785, at the age of 61 years, leaving a 

 disconsolate widow and family.' The remainder of the inscrip- 

 tion could not be deciphered, as the stone had sunk into the 

 ground, but probably it would be 'to mourn their loss.' We be- 

 lieve that the last of these 200-ton cutters was the Stag, of Ports- 

 mouth; but there arc some large yawls in the service of about 200 

 tons at the present time." 



THE GHEAT EASTEEN.— In the sale of the Great Eastern the 

 outer i ron plates fetched £12,503. According to a statement made 

 at the Lime when the huge vessel was building by Mr. Scott Eus- 

 sell, these iron plates were 300 in number and weighed 10,000 tons, 

 and were, fastened by 5,000,000 rivets. According to this, the iron 

 plates fetched over £1 per ton, but, as it will cost at least 10s. per 

 ton to get possession of them, the price per ton can he put at 35s. 

 As the iron is of the highest quality, this will, no doubt, leave, a 

 very fair margin for profit. The inner plating, frames, etc, 

 fetched £12,20'J, and the copper, gun metal, brass and lead £15,600 

 —the total from all sourses being £43,000. The dimensions of the 

 Great Eastern are: On deck, 692ft.; stem to sternpost, 680ft.; 

 breadth, 83ft.; depth, 58ft.; draft, light, 20ft.; loaded, 30ft. Proba- 

 bly the launching of this monster created more interest than 

 even her building, as it was an operation which extended over 

 three months. She was to have been launched sideways into 

 the water on Nov. 3, 1857. but she stuck fast, and, after vari- 

 ous attempts to coax her off by hydraulic jacks, some very 

 large hydraulic rams had to be made for the purpose; anil 

 then she was only moved inch by inch, and the daily papers 

 described each small movement as a matter of the profoundest 

 public interest; if it happened that one end moved further than 

 the other, the interest in the launching was largely increased. 

 The vessel was finally got into the water on Jan. 31, 1858. It was 

 said at the time that the launch from first to last, cost £120,000, 

 or more than enough to have constructed a basin to build Iter in. 

 and subsequently to dock her. As it was, no basin existed which 

 would take her, and when her bottom was cleaued she had to be 

 beached. The total realized by the sale of the Great Eastern 

 was £58,000, and, so far as we can judge, nothing more than fair 

 or very moderate prices were paid, and we are left to wonder how 

 the vendors came to part with such a valuable propertyfor £16,000. 

 No doubt in another year or two we shall have Atlantic liners 

 quite as long as the Great Eastern, if not longer, but verv differ- 

 ent in form, and of much less depth. Probably, if the Great 

 Eastern had been less round in the bilge, and not so deep by 

 about 15ft., she would not now have beeh sold for breaking up, as 

 fitting her with modern machinery would have been a very ordi- 

 nary undertaking."— Field. 



CLUB ELECTIONS.- Within the next four weeks a number of 

 yacht clubs will hold their annual elections of officers for 1889. 

 Secretaries will confer a favor by sending us as soon as possible a 

 correct list of the new officers. We will be glad also to receive 

 copies of club books. 



ANOTHEE 40-FOOTEE.-Mr. Burgess will design a 40-footer 

 for Mr. A. J. Beebe, of Boston, a centerboard boat 54ft. over all, 

 S9rt. 6in. l.w.L, and 14ft. 6in. beam, about the dimensions of 

 Njonph. The Smith 40-footer mentioned last week will be a 

 centerboard craft. 



CHANGES OF OWNERSHIP.— Anita, steam yacht, has been 

 gold by Jacob Lorillard to S. Austin, Jr., of Philadelphia, for 

 $22,q00, 



THE THORNYCROFT WATERTUBE BOILER. 



THE boiler shown in the accompanying illustrations, for whicln 

 we are indebted to the Slapping World, was devised by Mr. 

 Thornycroft, the famous builder of torpedo boats and fast 

 launches, as a substitute for the locomotive boiler generally used 

 in this type of vessel. In addition to its size and weight, the locq-j 

 motive boiler possessed the serious disadvantages of priming anflj 

 of liability to leakage of the tubes. It is claimed for the new 

 boiler that it is smaller and lighter than the new type, it gives no 

 trouble from priming, and the great trouble of leaky tubes is en4 

 tirely removed. The boiler consists of three large cylindrical! 

 flues, one being placed on each side of the fire-box and the third 

 directly over the Are. The lower tubes are each connected to the 

 upper one bv a large welded flue, shown in the front view, while' 

 in addition there are altogether over a thousand very small tubes,, 

 each having considerable curvature, joining the lower to the upper 1 - 

 cylinder. The upper cylinder is provided with a separator forH 

 the steam and water which comes from the small tubes, and alsM 

 with feedwater valves, stop valve, safety valve and pressure 

 gauge, the ordinary water level being about the height of the axis 

 of this cylinder. The cylinders and tubes are inclosed in a 

 light casing of sheet iron. The fire space is between the two 

 lower cylinders, the flames and gases passing between the small 

 tubes and around the upper cylinder. As the joints of the small 

 tubes are not exposed to the direct action of the fire, there is little 

 danger of breakage, while ample provision for expansion isgivenj 

 by the great curvature of the tubes. The water in the lower cyl- 

 inders rises through the small tubes, the temperature being veryri 

 high, then in the upper cylinder the two pass -through the sepa- 

 rator, the water descending through the two large flues. The 

 separator is so complete that no trouble is experienced fronw 

 priming. Steam can be raised in fifteen minutes, while the pres-1 

 sure is under perfect control. One of these boilers has lately been* 

 placed in a new steam lifeboat lately constructed in England to be 

 propelled by water jets. A new Thornycraft torpedo boat fitted 

 with one of these boilers was also tried on the Thames last month 



two, in connection with a crossbar below the screw, making a.| 

 very efficient protection for the latter, while the maneuvering 

 powers of the vessel, under both hand and steam gear, were par-> 

 ticularly good, the vessel turning within her own length whenfl 

 going ahead, and within a still smaller circle when going astern. 



hmvers to (^omzyandmt£. 



^*No Notice Taken of Anonymous Correspondents. 



L- W.— You should have no trouble with the large shot. 

 P. G.— We will have an article on the subject in an early issue. 

 C. W., City— Go to Eldred, Sullivan county, or Co Lackawaxen, 

 Pa. 



A. J, F., Wilmington, N. C— You can obtain the cartridges 

 from any of the large dealers. 



J. J. B., Elizabeth, N, .K— The squirrel shooting season in Morris 

 and Essex counties, New Jersey, closed Dec. 15. 



J. P. P.— Mr. Kirk Munroe's address is Oocoanut Grove, Fla., 

 the other person you inquire about is now cruising about the 

 West Indies. 



Jerry, Buffalo, N. Y.— We cannot answer your question speci- 

 fically, for you give no particulars, perhaps you will find in 

 "Training or Breaking," the right treatment for your stubborn 

 dog. 



Subscriber, Seymour, Conn. — Are beagle hounds for hunting 

 rabbits or foxes? Aus. They are used mostly for hunting rabbits, 

 although they are often used for foxes, but are considered by 

 many to be too slow for the latter. 



H. E., South River.— We had a sweepstake shoot here to-day 

 for first and second money. Six of us killed 2 out of 3; we Shot off 

 at. 3 more birds, and in the second event four killed 1 apiece, and 

 two did not kill any; are these two entitled to second money? 

 Ans. According to the rules of class shooting, no. 



W. H. E., Pottstown, Pa. — What shall I do to break my dog, 

 ICmo. old, of mouthing birds? 1 have worked with him in many 

 ways to remedy this trouble, but he, seems to get worse. Ans. Do , 

 not let him retrieve a bird until it is dead and you have first 

 handled it. Follow instructions in "Training vs. Breaking," and 

 with care he will come out all right, 



Stanstead and A. E., Montreal.— If those who tied in the 

 match, when the allowance given contestants was of birds in- 

 stead of distance cannot agree to shoot off at 3's or miss and out, 

 let them shoot new scores of 20 birds each, with same allowance' 

 as before. This will be perfectly fair, and as it preserves the 

 original conditions no objection can be urged to it. Eecourse, 

 could be had to any other mode of settlement only by common 

 consent. 



Ohio.— Through the direction of your paper I visited the North 

 Woods of the Adirondaeks last summer, and was thoroughly re-j 

 paid by the ple£isant climate, the rarity and wildness of the 

 ueeaerr. While there it occurred to me it would be a good thing; 

 to t\e filoose a number of our tame turkeys into the woods vq 

 order-to stock the woods with game of that kind. 1 will con- 

 tribute to the enterprise if it is possible. Are the winters too! 

 severe? Have a few acres of large natural forest about mjl 

 suburban home in the city and would like to get some squirrels tc« 

 make their home there. Where can I buy them? Ans. Thtj 

 turkeys would in all probability perish. For the squirrels write 

 to E. B, Woodward, 174 Chambers street, New York. 



"As for tne," said Senator Frye, just before he went U 

 Washington, "I would ask nothing better than to be able tt< 

 take a small library of books, a gun and a dog and my fish- 

 ing kit, make a comfortable camp in the woods about V 

 miles above Parmacheenee and spend the winter there. 

 But the people who are 10 miles in the woods would give al 

 their old traps if they could spend the winter in Washing 

 ton. And so wags tb.e world.— Lewiston {Me.) Journal. 



