496 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



Mormops bJainuWci, Leach. Cuba, Jamaica. 



Lonehorhina aurita. Tomes. Trinidad, West Indies. 



Macrotus waterhomci, Gray. Waterhouse's Bar. California, 



Mexico and the West Indies. 

 Macmtuxboomrtiamis, Dobson. Bocourt's Bat. Guatemala. 

 Vampurus spectrum. (Linnc), Peters. Guatemala to Brazil. 

 Varfrpynta av/rWUS* Peters. Mexico and Brazil. 

 Sdiiznstoma hirsuta, Peters. Locality unknown. 

 Schizostoma megaloUs (Gray), Peters. Mexico to Brazil. 

 Schiznstoma bchnii, Peters. Cayaha, Cosmpata. 

 Traehyops cvrrhosm (Spix), Peters. Mexico to Brazil, Bermuda. 

 PbyVmtomn hastatum (Pallas), E. Geoffrey, Panama to Brazil. 

 Milium beimcttii, Gray. Mexico, South America. 

 Carollia brencauda (Max zu Wied), Peters. .Mexico to Brazil. 

 Glossophaoa eorieina (Pallas). Peters. Central and South America 



as far as Chili. 

 I'hiillnuyctcrte poei/l, Gundlach et Peters. Cuba. 

 Ph'uU<m]fderU sezcki>rni, Guudlach et Peters. Cuba and Jamaica. 

 Mimophi/Uus red muni. Leach. Cuba and Jamaica. 

 h-vluiotjtosm nivalis, De Saussure. Mexico and Guatemala. 

 (ilnntioiiyctcrisleusMMigtt, Peters. Mexico to Brazil. 

 Cliiermi yeii ri* mexkitiut, TVcliudi. Mexico and Guatemala. 

 Cha'roimcteris minor, Peters. Guatemala to Brazil. 

 Artibexm pcrspirilhitus (Linnc). Gray. Mexico to Brazil. 

 Art tbi SMS cincrcus (Gervais). Dobson. Mexico to Brazil. 

 \'ampyorps lineal us (K. Geoffrey), Peters. Mexico and Paragnay. 

 Vamjpyropi oUtqtMB (Peters). Dobson. Costa Rica and Venezuela. 

 Steiiuthrma achi-iiUmhiiuin (Gossc), Dobson. Cuba, Jamaica. 

 Xti'iithlcnua falcatum (Gray), Dobson. Cuba. 

 Ciitroderma sidrlni, Dobson. Costa Rica and Colombia. 

 Pygiidcrma hiiabiatum (Wagner), Dobson. Mexico and Brazil. 

 Swrntra (ilium (li. Geoffrey), Dobson. Mexico and Chili. 

 liraehypliyllum eavernanun. Gray. West Indies. 

 Cadurui sencv. Gray. Mexico. 



Cciilurio inviiun-lrii, H. Allen. Mexico and Guatemala. 

 Dcsmondu* ru.tus, Max zu Wied. Mexico and Chili. 

 DiphyUa ccandata, Spix. Guatemala, Ecuador and Brazil. 



A glance at the above list will be sufficient to satisfy 

 any one at all familiar with the order we now have under 

 consideration, that although some sixteen or perhaps 

 more of the species of bats therein enumerated actually 

 occur in our United States fauna, they are but a small 

 proportion of the represenfcalSves for the order at large in 

 North America, and were even all these latter before us, 

 they would by no means present any adequate idea of 

 this extraordinary group of creatures as they exist in the 

 world's fauna as a whole. 



So that to more fully understand something about ex- 

 isting bats we must draw more or less generously upon 

 foreign forms, and in doing so we will acquire a broader 

 view of the subject and attain to some acquaintance of 

 the entire order. This is what I propose to do in the 

 present contribution, confident as I am that my readers 

 will approve of such a course, the more especially as our 

 modest little species give but a very faint idea of the 

 truly wonderful forms, remarkable structure and widely 

 varying types of their Old "World and East Indian rela- 

 tives. 



To me the bats are among the most highly interesting 

 animals we have now existing on earth, and then- struct- 

 ure, as a whole, is still a perfect mine of curious depart- 

 ures from the more common mammalian plan, while 

 their diversified physiognomies, often of a facies most 

 exceedingly unique, taken in connection with the former, 

 never fail to enlist at once the full attention and study of 

 the naturalist and anatomist. 



My friend, Dr. Geo. Dobson, F. R. S., one of the high- 

 est living authorities on the Chiroptera, has admirably 

 classified this order for us, and by the subjoined scheme I 

 can show the arrangement as follows: 



Order. Suborder. Families. 



| Megachiroptera j PteropodideB. 



CHIROPTERA i 



I Vespertilionidte. 



Uicrochiroptera ffiSfiffiS,,. 



I PhyllostomidEe. 



This eminent authority also distinguishes the Vesperti- 

 lionidse audEhinolophidse as the Vespertilionine Alliance, 

 and the Emballonuridai and PhyllostomidaB as the Embal- 

 lonurine Alliance. 



Dr. Dobson characterizes the Megachiroptera a3: "Fru- 

 givorous bats, generally of large size, having the crowns 

 of the molar teeth smooth, marked with a longitudinal 

 groove; with the bony palate continued behind the last 

 molar narrowing slowly backward, with three phalanges 

 in the index finger, the third phalanx terminated gener- 

 ally by a claw; with the sides of the ear-conch forming a 

 complete ring at the base; with the tail, when present, 

 inferior to (not contained in) the interfemoral membrane; 

 with the pyloric extremity of the stomach generally much 

 elongated, and with the spigelian lobe of the liver ill- 

 defined or absent, while the cordate is well developed." 



As will be observed by the above scheme, these fruit- 

 eating bats all fall into one family, and they are restricted 

 in their habitat to tropical and sub-tropical parts of the 

 eastern hemisphere. There are some eight or nine genera 

 of them, very different in appearance sometimes, as we 

 may see by comparing figures 2 and (5 of the present 

 article, while all have wonderfully interesting habits and 

 structure. But we will refer to all this further along. 



Dr. Dobson then characterizes the Mierochiroptera- as 

 "Insectivorous (rarely frugivorous or sanguivorous) bats, 

 of comparatively small size, having the crowns of the 

 molar teeth acutely tuberculated, marked by transverse 

 grooves, with the bony palate narrowing abruptly, not 

 continued backward laterally behind the last molar; 

 with one rudimentary phalanx (rarely two phalanges or 

 none) in the index finger, which is never terminated by a 

 claw ; with the outer and inner sides of the ear-conch 

 commencing interiorly from separate points of origin; 

 with the tail, when present, contained in the interfemoral 

 membrane, or appearing upon its upper surface; with a 

 simple stomach (except in Desmodontes), and with the 

 spigelian lobe of the liver very large, the cordate lobe 

 generally small. Inhabiting the tropical and temperate 

 regions of both hemispheres." 



The four families of this suborder are also presented 

 above, but space will, of course, by no means admit of my 

 showing the extraordinary characters that separate them, 

 much less even to enumerate the host of genera which 

 they contain. 



We can now, however, with the above classificatory 

 scheme before its, and with these admirable differentiat- 

 ing characterizations of the two suborders, easily locate 

 any species to which I may please to refer in my account 

 which follows, and this will fully meet my aims here. 



A Copy of Audubon's Birds.— Among the volumes to 

 beoffered for sale by Messrs. Leavitt & Co., auctioneers, 

 this week in this city, is a copy of the original edition of 

 that monumental work the "Birds of America," by John 

 James Audubon. Year by year copies of this work be- 

 come more and more rare, and as they become scarcer 

 they advance in price. 



(§<nm ^hq mul ($$nt\< 



Antelope and Deer of America. By J. D. Caton. 

 Price .$'2.50. Wing and Glass Ball Shooting with the 

 Rifle. By W. O. Bliss. Piice 50 cents. Rifle, Rod and 

 (i mi in California. By T. S. Van Dyke. Price $1.50. 

 Shore Birds. Price 1 5* cents. Woodcraft. By "Ness- 

 muk." Price $1. Trajectories of Hunting Rifles. Price 

 50 cents. Wild Fowl Shooting; see advertisement. 



MAINE'S GAME. 



r pHERE is little doubt of good legislation for the better 

 J. protection of fish and game in Maine. The Governor 

 has recom mended it in his message to the Legislature, 

 and the members of that body will go about in earnest. 

 Indeed it is a feature of earnestness that has character- 

 ized the deeds of the Maine Legislature in that direction 

 all along. Witness the results. An interest greater than 

 almost any other in the State. This interest has grown 

 up under protection. The counting of noses at the State 

 house has already been begun, on the question of favor- 

 able fish and game legislation, and to those in earnest on 

 the question the outlook is very favorable. It is likely 

 that better protection will be made for the trout nurseries; 

 that is. the streams and the brooks where they are bred 

 and where they grow to sufficient size to take care of 

 themselves in the deeper waters. Some measures are 

 likely to be adopted for the punishment of such marauders 

 and robbers as have attempted to break up the efforts of 

 the Commissioners in protecting certain breeding water 

 of the landlocked salmon. The Commissioners are still 

 against special legislation, but the usual number of bills 

 for special protection of fishing water and hunting 

 grounds will be introduced. The Commissioners will 

 doubtless ask the Legislature for a better non-export law 

 for Maine fish and game. The present 501b. trout law is 

 abused, and no doubt it is defective in that it permits of 

 the taking out of far too great a quantity of such fish, 

 provided the sportsman can catch them, or employ other 

 men to do it. Again, the statement of the sportsman 

 himself has mainly to be relied upon, for the reason that 

 his fish are always packed in ice, and boxes weighing 

 more than lOOlba. have to be passed as containing only 

 5()lbs. of trout. Better laws as to the jigging of trout 

 from the spawning beds will be asked for. And the 

 admirable work done by the Forest and Stream in the 

 fall of 1887 in unearthing the truth of the jigging busi- 

 ness that had been going on at the Upper Dam for several 

 seasons, will not be forgotten. 



The non-export law asked for will be doubtless especi- 

 ally designed to dam up the underground railroad from 

 the Maine forests into the Boston market. This under- 

 ground railroad is still open. Deer continue to be taken 

 out of barrels and poultry boxes. The receivers chuckle 

 over the idea, that in a barrel thoroughly beaded up it is 

 easy to get deer through from Maine, without danger of 

 seizure. But after all they are really alarmed for that 

 part of their trade. They will answer me no questions 

 whatever concerning a deer which I happen to see at 

 their place, with legs all cut at the joints; so that they 

 will go into the barrels or boxes. Formerly deer came to 

 this market with whole legs and antlers. Not a pair of 

 antlers have I seen this winter on a deer that has come 

 through this underground railroad. But one of these 

 receivers of Maine game freed his mind the other day in 

 a way that it came to me. He remarked that he was not 

 getting half of the Maine deer that he should. He had 

 not handled more than a couple of deer this season yet. 

 He could occasionally get one or two by the Bangor 

 boats. The shippers did not consider it quite as risky 

 shipping by water as by rail. But on the whole the veni- 

 son business was not good this winter, for the good reason 

 that there was so little venison to handle. 



By the way, at the present writing there is very little 

 snow in Maine, even in the woods. I saw a gentleman 

 the other day, right f rom. the wilderness. He is lumber- 

 ing in the Metalic Brook region, off Richardson Lake. He 

 reports very little snow in the woods. The tracks of deer 

 are surprisingly thick. Still, but few were killed in that 

 section, even in the open season, for the good reason that 

 they were not hunted so persistently as is the case in 

 some parts of the State. The gentleman in question had 

 been out himself one day. He soon struck a fresh track 

 in the light snow, and this track quickly led to five other 

 sets of tracks. Then the fun begun. The deer evidently 

 kept well together. The hunters saw them several times, 

 indeed were very near them the most of the time, but did 

 not get a shot before night came on. One who has 

 hunted deer in that region of cedar and spruce swamps, 

 with the great abundance of ground hemlocks, will ap- 

 preciate the difficulty of getting a shot at even five deer 

 in a drove. But the gentleman laughed at his want of 

 luck, with a chuckle and remarked that "The whole five 

 are up there now, and they will stay there to breed next 

 year; for the lumber camp folks will not disturb them, 

 now that the law is on.'" In this he is probably right, for 

 Messrs. Bearde & Wilson, who are the contractors for 

 lumbering in that region, will not countenance the kil- 

 ling of deer in close time. Indeed, should the winter 

 continue as open as it is now, there could be no crusting 

 of either moose or deer in that State this season. 



The lovers of deer hounding will probably again ask 

 the Maine Legislature to grant an open season for this sort 

 of hunting. Indeed, they say that "a single month will 

 do." Modest, are they not? A single -week would be suf- 

 ficient to drive every deer in Maine over into Canada. 

 No! It will never do! There is not a ghost of a chance 

 that a law of that stamp can be got through the Maine 

 Legislature, though it is understood that some of the New 

 York deer hounding element is to try for it. Special. 



Charleston, 111., Jan. 3.— Hunting has been tolerably 

 fair in this vicinity this fall. The sportsmen report rab- 

 bits scarce, and ruffed grouse are about extinct. Pin- 

 nated grouse, quail and squirrel are in fair numbers. 

 Foxes aTe more numerous than they have been for fifteen 

 or twenty years. The largest bags of game that I have 

 heard of this fall were made by Capt. Wm. A. Jeffries, 

 Frank Vail, Charles Bishop and Douglas McCarty; thirty 

 quail, five rabbits and one squirrel on 21st ult. They were 

 six or eight miles northeast of the city. Scott Dowling 

 was out for a day's shooting on 22d ult., and bagged 

 twenty quail. Simeon and Arnold Ramsey were out on 

 28th ult., three miles west of the city, and bagged eleven 

 squirrels, so they say. — J, B. D. 



SHOOTING CLUBS OF CHICAGO.-II. 



the mineola club. 



IT is well to be careful in making any statement of a 

 sweeping nature, yet 1 believe I am correct in saying 

 that there is not in the entire Western country, and 

 probably not in the East, a private sporting club house, 

 which in size and elaborateness equals that of the Mineola 

 Club of Chicago. It is probable also that there is not 

 anywhere in this portion of the country a body of gentle- 

 men associated purely for the purposes of field sports 

 whose wealth and whose importance in the commercial 

 world is greater than that of the members of this club. 

 For the most part they are the busiest of busy men, and 

 their business is of magnitude. This fact alone does not 

 constitute them objects of interest in a sportsman's eyes, 

 nor yet does the fact of their magnificent and truly 

 commendable building, although that is a worthy monu- 

 •nient of sportsman zeal. The point of interest about the 

 Mineola Club men is that they are sportsmen, regular 

 and thoroughgoing, and giants at play as much as at 

 work. When they go out for a good time, they have a 

 very good time. They cover a lot of ground and have 

 a lot of fun to the square inch. It is not on record that 

 all of the Mineola Club ever went out at the same time 

 to take a day out, but if such an event should ever hap- 

 pen it is probable that the well-made walls of their big 

 play house, wide as they are, would not be big enough 

 to hold them and the good time they would have. As a 

 matter of safety, usually only ten or a dozen of them go 

 off together to their home by the raging Fox Lake and 

 celebrate their outing with a largeness, squareness and 

 general perpendicularity of resolve not to let any fun 

 get away, which is only equaled, as has been intimated, 

 by their resolve when at home, not to let a moment of 

 time escape. 



The Mineola Club consists at present of sixty-nine act- 

 ual members. Its membership is limited to seventy-five, 

 all residents of Chicago. The club grounds are situated 

 upon the west shore of Fox Lake, just at the foot of a 

 beautiful wooded bluff. They are forty acres in extent, 

 and afford a frontage of 1,800ft. upon one of the most 

 picturesque portions of the lake. Taken in conjunction 

 with the new building, whose erection was only under- 

 taken this fall, and which will not be completed entirely 

 until the following spring, the locality is one of the most 

 charming to be found any where near this city, and the 

 best possible comment on the growth in consideration 

 which sports of the flood and field, and love of the out- 

 door air have attained in this section of the world. 



The Mineola Club is the result of the union of two 

 former Fox Lake clubs, the Union and Cedar Island clubs, 

 and is really a very strong organization. It controls a 

 very desirable portion of the lake as to situation, and is 

 equally convenient with almost any of the lake clubs to 

 the shooting grounds. The latter is a variable quantity, 

 changing much as the notion of the birds changes. No 

 one party or corporation can be said to control any great 

 amount of the actual shooting territory of Fox Lake, the 

 favorite positions being held solely by hunter's law, and 

 open as much to the one club as to the others. The 

 shooting is generally pretty well across the lake from 

 the bluff", although sometimes the bay just in front 

 of the Mineola club house is quite as good a point 

 as any. There is plenty of feed in that corner of the 

 lake, and on a recent trip to that country we saw as 

 many ducks there as on any part of the lake. The "Hill," 

 spoken of in last week's article as beiug at times an ex- 

 cellent point for pass shooting on the flight between Fox 

 and Pistaqua lakes, morning and evenings, is also very 

 near to the Mineola club house; and if one wished to 

 shoot on Pistaqua Lake, or have a look at the little round 

 pond which lies between the two big lakes, it is only a 

 step across through the woods which slope back so grace- 

 fully in little sweeps and curves and abrupt attempts at 

 declivities. Close at hand in the lake, just in front of 

 the landing, the water is deep, and one is as apt to strike 

 a big bass or pike there as anywhere, while the members 

 and their ladies can in the fishing season sit within talk- 

 ing distance of the club house and catch perch, "sun- 

 nies" and other cheerful panfish, and rest their eyes 

 with as pretty a little bit of nature as it often befalls one 

 to see. There are grounds for trap shooting, often, 

 doubtless, to be well patronized, and within the house, 

 upon the basement floor, good billiard tables will be put 

 up, immediately upon the completion of the interior, A 

 bowling alley is" in discussion, it being a question whether 

 its noise would not prove unpleasant to those upon the 

 floors above. No provision for pleasure has been left 

 forgotten, and the shortest examination of the surround- 

 ings is enough to satisfy one that the owners of the 

 grounds are after a pleasure spot, and know how to maka 

 it. The club is not specifically a duck club, or a fishing- 

 club, or a trap club, or a dancing club, but a pleasant 

 combination of all of these. Its purposes are those of 

 general sport. Its object is to keep a bit of nature in the 

 family, and the result of this is this big caravansery for 

 the boys and their wives and families. It is, of course, 

 strictly to be remembered that the club is in nowise a 

 hotel, and its privileges are not to be bought. It is as 

 much a private house as any city residence, and unless 

 one is fortunate enough to be a member or an invited 

 guest he cannot go within the gates. 



The dimensions of the Mineola club house are, for the 

 main structure above, 155x115ft. The dining-room, situ- 

 ated at the side of the main building, is 25x50ft., and 

 beyond this is a kitchen whose size is 20x25ft. It may 

 be seen that there is plenty of room. Over 300,000ft. of 

 lumber have been put into the building, and it has 

 7,500sq. yds. of plastering. Its cost when it has received 

 its last touches will be between $25,000 and $30,000. The 

 furniture is not yet in place. It will be rich and costly, 

 in full keeping with the rest of the house, and will doubt- 

 less cost $5,000. 



The dining-room is at the side of the main building, 

 and lies in the sidehill, half a story higher than the main 

 floor, and reached by a flight of broad and comely stairs. 

 It is accessible also from the second floor by a half-flight, 

 so that the ladies may descend from the sleeping apart- 

 ments to the breakfast room as handily as in any first- 

 class hotel. It may be taken as a matter of fact that the 

 kitchen is well equipped and well supplied. 



The total height of the buflding is 68ft., and it carries 

 a jaunty vane and flag at a distance of 26ft. still higher; 

 so that the total height from tip to toe is just short of 

 100ft. But it isn't the flagstaff that is the great feature 

 of the clubhouse, nor the dining hall, nor yet the kitchen; 



