202 Description of various Modes of Heating by Steam, 



The back pipes have steam pipes of one inch diameter passing 

 through them in a similar way, and the feeding pipes are so arranged 

 that either division of the pipes may be heated separately, or in 

 conjunction with the rest. Another advantage attending this mode 

 of applying heat is, that as no returning pipes are necessary as in 

 the common hot-water apparatus, the bulk of water is doubled with 

 the same extent of heating the surface, and the retaining power of 

 the apparatus doubled accordingly. 



The cisterns are farther serviceable for regulating the humidity 

 of the house, which can be done with the greatest accuracy by 

 attending to the covers. 



Mode of heating the atmosphere of Conservatories, Hot-houses, $c. 

 by Steam discharged into cases of masonry or brick-work. 

 Fig. 12 and 13, Plate 7, represent a mode of heating, by introducing 

 steam into cases of stone or brick-work, filled with rubble stones, or 

 pieces of broken brick. This mode is equally applicable to the largest 

 or smallest establishments. The agent being steam, it possesses the 

 same facility of application as steam applied to hot-water pipes, 

 consequently the same advantages, and maybe adopted in conjunc- 

 tion with it or not, as may be thought desirable. Fig. 12 repre- 

 sents a cross section to scale, of a case of masonry, or brick-work, 

 suitable for a Green-house of fourteen feet wide, with glazed roof, 

 and two feet 6 inches high of glass in front. Fig. 13 shews a side 

 view of the same, with part of the front taken away at each end to 

 shew the inside. The steam pipes being placed about four inches 

 above the bottom, and having perforations of about one-tenth of an 

 inch in diameter, which vary from fifteen to eighteen inches asun- 

 der throughout its whole length, but become more frequent at the 

 farther end, which is closed. The general direction of the holes is 

 upwards, except some few in the bottom, to keep the pipe clear of 

 condensed water. The case being built inclining towards the most 



