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LX. Observations on a Method of Training Apple, Cherry, 

 and Plum Trees, in Russia, to preserve them from Frost 

 during the Winter. By Mr. Joseph Busch, Correspond- 

 ing Member of the Society, Gardener to His Imperial 

 Majesty the Emperor of Russia. 



Read April 3d, 1821. 



1 h e severity of the winters at St. Petersburg is so great 

 that few fruit trees will survive it, even with careful matting ; 

 to prevent the loss which is thus usually sustained, I have 

 for more than twenty years pursued a mode of training 

 which has been attended with complete success. It consists 

 in leading the branches of the trees on horizontal trellises 

 only ten or twelve inches from the ground. When the winter 

 sets in, there are heavy falls of snow, and as the frost increases, 

 the snow generally augments, by which the trees are entirely 

 buried, and receive no injury from the most intense frost. 

 The winters of 1819 and 1820 were very severe, notwith- 

 standing which, last summer, I had a great crop of Apples, 

 and all of the tender sorts, while none of the gardens in the 

 neighbourhood produced any ; even many of their trees, 

 although doubly matted, were killed. From my Green Gage 

 and Orleans Plums I gathered ripe fruit on the 29th Septem- 

 ber last ; I had also a very full crop of Morello Cherries. 



Another very great advantage of training trees in the above 

 method consists in the growth of the wood, it being of equal 

 strength, and the fruit produced being all alike, the bloom 



