10 



farmers' BULLETIN 834. 



injury to the surface of the kidney and an examination made for 

 dark-red spots varying in size from mere points to areas as large as 



the head of a pin. These spots may be 

 few, or the surface of the kidney may 

 be as speckled as a turkey's egg. 

 These spots on the kidneys when well 

 marked are regarded generally as one. 

 of the surest signs of hog cholera 

 (fig. 5). 



Bladder. — The inner surface of the 

 bladder under normal conditions is 

 white or a faint pinkish-white in 

 color, but in well-marked cases of hog 

 cholera it may show bright red specks 

 which can not be washed off. In cases 

 of long standing there may be ulcers. 



Stomach. — In some cases of hog 

 cholera-, when the stomach is opened 

 and washed out, red spots and ulcera- 

 tions may be found on the inner 

 lining. 



Small intestines.— In some acute 

 and virulent types of hog cholera the 

 outer surface of the small intestines 

 may have the appearance of being spat- 

 tered with blood. The bloody spots, 

 however, can not be removed by wash- 

 ing. The inner lining may be congested, inflamed, greatly thickened, 

 and covered with a yellowish coating; or it may be dotted with 

 small blood spots, like those seen on the outer surface. 



Large intestines. — The large intestine may show, over the outer 

 surface, the same characteristic blood spots as are seen at times on 

 the small intestines. The inner lining in acute cases of hog cholera 

 also may show small blood-stained areas, and in addition to this the 

 feces found in this portion of the bowel may be covered with blood 

 In chronic cases, where the hog has been sick for some time, there 

 are usually found on the inner surface of the large intestine round, 

 hard areas called " button ulcers." These ulcers are raised above the 

 surrounding tissue and usually are yellowish in color, while the 

 larger ones may have a dark center. These ulcers vary in size from 

 one-sixteenth of an inch to 1 inch in diameter, and are not found in 

 any other disease of swine (fig. 0>). 



Lymphatic [/lands. — The changes which take place in the lymphatic 

 glands as a result of hog cholera frequently are striking. The most 

 important glands to be examined are found in the fat just under 



Fig. 5. — Hog's kidney, showing Mood 

 spots caused by cholera. 



