DEHORNING AND CASTRATING CATTLE. 11 

 METHOD OF OPERATION. 



There are two ways of making the incision, depending upon 

 whether or not it is desired to make a fancy feeder of the calf. The 

 first method consists in grasping the scrotum with the left hand and 

 cutting off the lower one-fourth or one-third. This should expose 

 the ends of both testicles, but if one of them can not be seen it can 

 usually be pushed out by pressing on the abdomen by the side of the 

 scrotum. The testicles may then be pulled out one at a time and 

 removed. About 1 inch of the cord should be removed with the 

 testicle to prevent 

 the severed end from 

 protruding from the 

 incision. In young 

 calves the cord may 

 be cut off directly, 

 but in older calves 

 the cord should 

 be stretched over 

 the forefinger and 

 scraped with the 

 edge of the knife 

 until it parts. This 

 lacerates the ends of 

 the cord and serves 

 to reduce the hemor- 

 rhage. A safer way 

 of severing the cord 

 is by the use of an 

 emasculator, an in- 

 strument shaped like 

 a pair of pliers with 



a broad, corrugated ^ IG- ®' — View of chute with head clamp closed, showing 

 • ^ side gate 



crushing surface and 



a cutting edge (fig. 11). With this instrument the cord is cut and 

 at the same time so lacerated as to cause a minimum of bleeding. 

 The ecraseur (fig. 12) is another instrument for severing the cord. 

 With this the crushing is accomplished by a chain loop which is 

 placed around the cord and slowly tightened until the cord is severed. 

 The latter instrument gives the best results, but the emasculator 

 permits of quicker work. 



The second method consists in slitting the scrotum parallel to the 

 median line. which divides the two sides, instead of cutting off the end 

 as in the first method. The cuts are made directly over the middle 

 of each testicle. The testicles are then taken out through the sepa- 

 rate cuts and removed as already described. In this operation care 



