51 
EOTAL nOTlTICTJLTURAL SOCIETY. 
main brancliea arising from the root 2-3 inches below the sur- 
face are directed nearly vertically upwards. Fibrils less numerous 
than in 2. 
Box 4. Somewhat variable in size, but on the whole the finest 
and best-developed of all (^^ e. assuming size and succulence to 
be the desiderata as in root-crops) ; length 18-20 inches, dia- 
meter of thickest portion f inch and upwards. Main branches 
very few * ; fibrils also few. 
Box 5. Very variable. On the whole superior to 1, 2, and 3 ; 
average length 16-17 inches, J inch in diameter. Main branches 
few or none ; fibrils short, scanty. 
Box 6. Very variable, about the same as 5 ; average length 
16-17 inches, diameter |-| inch. The larger specimens had a 
few large branches, some of which were directed vertically up- 
wards. 
The root-development of Carum is interesting as showing the 
great degree of individual variation in plants grown under the 
same conditions, and which, from their habit of growth, did not 
interfere the one with the other. Each plant had fair play, as 
much so as if it had been grown in a separate pot; and yet 
there were considerable differences in root-development. The 
ascending direction of some of the main fibres is also a note- 
worthy feature. 
Considerable differences between the development of root and 
top were observable, especially in boxes 3 (ammonia), 4 (nitrate of 
soda), and 6 (mineral and nitrate), the nitrate seeming to favour 
root-development. This is shown in the following scheme : — 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
a 
c 
b 
/ 
e 
d 
Plant , 
a 
h 
d 
c 
e 
f 
On tlie Melative EJfect of the various Manures on iJie Boot-develop- 
ment of the Twelve Plants, and on the Contrasts observable between 
the Growth of the Soot and that of the Herbage. 
In former sections the condition of the herbage and of the 
roots of the same species under various manures have been sepa- 
* Except in one case, where the main root showed a lacerated wound 4 inches 
long and ^-^ inch deep ; in this case there had been a production of new 
branches. 
