MB. A. MTJRIIAT ON MIMETIC ANALOGY. 
109 
sponded with those of hybridization in plants, I applied to my 
friend Mr. Isaac Anderson-Henry for information upon them, 
and he has sent me a paper (for the Scientific Committee of the 
Horticultural Society), as well as some other information, which 
enables me now to say that there is not a phase or a fact in the 
mimicry in question for which I cannot produce the exact 
counterpart in the hybridization of plants. 
In the first place the mimicked and the mimickers are always 
found together, and even the mimickers of varieties are only 
found beside the varieties that they mimic. Now it is plain 
that if the resemblances be due to hybridization, it is inevitable 
that the two must always be found together, at least in the 
first instance. It may be that after the hybrids are established 
and advanced into the position of actual species, the species 
{i. e. the parent and ofi'spring) might diverge from their primary 
locality, the one to the right and the other to the left, and 
so cease to be found together; but this must be an after act, 
and consequently an exception. The natural condition is to 
find both together, and so they are always found together. But 
this would not be the natural condition if the mimicry were 
produced by Natural Selection. The same enemies are found over 
thousand of miles, and the same kind of enemies over tens of 
thousands ; and there is no advantage to be gained by mimicking 
one variety of Danais more than another. The same advan- 
tageous results would be obtained by mimicking in the east the 
form that prevails in the west, or in the north the form that 
prevails in the south ; but the imitation of each variety is limited 
to the district which it inhabits, however narrow and restricted it 
may be. Natural Selection, therefore, fails entirely to account 
for the localization of the mimickers of varieties. 
In the next place the mimicked occur always in overwhelmingly 
greater numbers than the mimickers. Mr. Bates says: — "The 
Ithomise (Danaids) are all excessively numerous in individuals, 
swarms of each kind being found in the localities they inhabit. 
The Leptalidse (mimics) are exceedingly rare; they cannot be 
more than 1 in 1000 with regard to the Ithomiae." This is 
quite what we should expect if the resemblance is due to hybri- 
dization. Hybridization is not the normal mode of producing 
either species or individuals ; it is not the plan laid down by 
nature. Being exceptional, it is, of course, comparatively rare. 
But there is no reason for rarity if it be the result of Natural 
