M. MAXIMOWICZ ON THE INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN POLLEN. 163 
in the colour, in the three which follow we find it affecting the 
form. Hartsen * has seen on Solanum edule (the well-known Egg- 
plant) a fruit which in colour, size, and shape exactly resembled 
a Tomato, and possessed only the greater dryness and firmness 
of the flesh of the Egg fruit, besides the smooth border of the seed, 
which in the Tomato is villous. Dr. Kanitz f met with a case of 
a hybrid fruit, between Lycopersicum esculentum and Capsicum 
annuum, Fritz Miiller { fertilized Cattleya Leopoldi by Epiden- 
drum cinnaharinum, and obtained seeds of the former with the 
shape belonging to the latter. Meehan §, lastly, observed that the 
bough of a pear-tree, which had always been altogether unfruitful, 
projected into the boughs of a neighbouring apple-tree. Fruits 
were produced which in skin, flesh, and other respects were alto- 
gether apples, and had only the seeds, carpellary partitions, and 
stalk of the pear. 
These are all the cases with which I am acquainted. Consider- 
ing, theu, tbat the observations of Bradley, which are the earliest, 
date from the year 1721, and that the list has only increased very 
slowly, notwithstanding the vast opportunities for noticing these 
cases which botanists aud gardeners have had in crossing different 
species of plants, we must allow that Graertner Was quite justified 
in declaring that the immediate influence of foreign pollen upon 
the mother plant is a rare exception. 
If we agree with Gaertner in excludiug from the list, as possibly 
due only to bud-variation, those cases which are not the result 
of direct experiment, the only well-established ones which re- 
main are those of maize, peas, and Cattleya Leopoldi. The 
amount of evidence being so limited, it has seemed desirable to 
me to publish a case from my own observation, where, two species 
being reciprocally cross-fertilized, the influence of the foreign 
pollen upon the fruit fertilized by it has been distinctly recogni- 
zable. 
During the last summer I cultivated in doors a number of 
species of Lilium, in order to study their specific distinctions. 
They all came into bloom early, and before those in the open 
ground. My house being surrounded by bigh trees for some 
distance, and there being no other cultivation of lilies in the 
neighbourhood, no question could arise as to the influence of 
* Bot. Zeit. 1867, p. 378. 
+ Bot. Zeit. 1868, p. 631. 
t Bot. Zeit. 1867, p. 335. 
§ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1871, i. 
