50 
ROYAL IIORTICULTURAT. SOCIETY. 
with the insect and placed them in the soil into which clean Yine.s 
were potted, and in fourteen days the roots of the pot-Vine wxtc 
sw arming with insects. 
Before I became sufficiently cognisant of the habits of the little 
devourer, the galls quite covered the under sides of hundreds of 
the young leaves, and the young wood w^as perfectly riddled with 
holes or punctures into which they had burrowed, feeding on the 
sap and depositing their eggs. I could compare their operations on 
the young wood to nothing but small-pox, so thick did they puncture 
it. The two following years I did not allow it to get ahead much, 
for I picked off and burned the infected leaves. 
I had the insect nearly as bad in the outside border as inside, 
but the borders were covered with leaves and strong wooden 
shutters from September to May, and were consequently compara- 
tively dry and warm. There can be no doubt they thrive best in 
dry warm quarters, and they could be easily drowned, but the 
difficulty lies in getting at them. The small roots were eaten up. 
When lifting the Tines, I never found any larger than a thick 
(juill, and the strong roots were infested up to the collars of the 
Vines. 
XIV. On the Cultivation of the Olive near Ventimiglia. By Mr. 
L. Winter. 
[The following information was very kindly obtained by Mr Daniel 
Hanbury, F.R.S., for transmission to Katal, by a Fellow of the Society. 
It is also printed in the Pharmaceutical Journal " for September 7, 1872.] 
As you wish for a little information on the propagation of the Olive 
in this part of Italy, I have drawn up a few remarks which, though 
Aot containing much that is new, may yet serve to complete or to 
confirm your own observations. 
The different kinds of Olive-tree we have in this country may 
•be classed under three divisions : — 
1. OUvastro, the Wild Olive, Olea europcca^ L., grows quite 
spontaneous, reproducing itself by seeds and suckers; leaves on 
young trees small and oblong — on older trees a little larger and 
lanceolate ; branches sometimes spiny ; fruit small, oblong, and 
very bitter. This kind may be regarded as tlie parent of all the 
varieties. 
