268 



SEITARO GOTO. 



Of the trans verso-scapular muscles ( = Mm. serrati of GauppL'çô, p. 107 

 et seq.]) there are four pairs. The ,']/. transverso-scapularis major arises 

 from the apex of the transverse process of the fourth vertebra, and, proceed- 

 ing forwards and outwards, is attached to the posterior border of the scapula. 

 The M. transver so-scapular is minor is in front of the last, and, arising from 

 the transverse process of the third vertebra, is inserted to the hind border 

 of the scapula. There are two more of the muscles arising from the trans- 

 verse process of the third vertebra, which may be termed the tertius and 

 qitartus. The M. transverso-scapularis tertius lies in front of and dorsal 

 to the minor, and proceeding forwards and outwards, is inserted to the 

 anterior border of the supra-scapula The I\f. transverso-scapularis 

 guar tu s is very short and thick, and lies between the apex of the trans- 

 verse process of the third vertebra and the apex of the ventral surface ot 

 the supra-scapula. It appears from this description of the muscles, that the 

 shoulder girdle is more particularly in close connection with the third 

 vertebra, and less so with the fourth. 



Case I. Bufo vulgaris, £. Transverse processes of the third 

 vertebra bifid. (Cut. 1 .) 



The vertebral column is normal in all respects, except that both the 

 transverse processes of the third vertebra are bifurcated to about the 

 middle of their length. On the right side the hinder branch is very much 

 smaller than the front one ; but on the left, the hinder process is, consider- 

 ing its whole mass, nearly as large as the front one, although the latter is 

 broader and more flattened. In the accompanying cut, the hinder process 

 of the left side appears less large than it really is, owing to the oblique 

 position in which it is looked at. The anterior processes are nearly normal 

 in shape, but appear to me shorter and less inclined anteriorly than is the 

 case in most normal specimens, so that a normal process would occupy a 

 position somewhere intermediate between these abnormal ones. This 

 skeleton, like those following, came to my notice after it had been pre- 

 pared, so that I am not in a position to say anything about the arrange- 

 ment or relative size of the spinal nerves. 



The simple description above given would hardly suffice to bring out 



