SEITARO GOTO. 



The tenth vertebra is very asymmetrical, being defective on the right 

 side. The transverse process of the left side is slightly larger than that of 

 the ninth of the same side, but that of the right side is very small and 

 slender, and is directed obliquely backwards. The anterior zygapophysis 

 of the left side is well developed, but that of the other side is entirely 

 wanting. The centrum is also asymmetrical, and there is a longitudinal 

 groove in the median line on the ventral surface. The anterior surface 

 presents a double concavity corresponding to the two articular facets of the 

 ninth vertebra, and the posterior surface presents two convex articular 

 facets, of which the right is very much smaller than the other, which is 

 exceptionally large. 



The intervertebral foramina between the ninth and tenth vertebrae 

 are well developed ; that of the left side is completely closed all around, 

 but that of the right is open dorsally. The left transvere process of the 

 tenth vertebra is joined by a fibrous tissue to that of the ninth by its dorso- 

 antero-external edge. Enough impressions are left on the dried skeleton 

 to show that the left ilium articulated with the apophyses of both the ninth 

 and tenth vertebrae. 



This case evidently makes a series with the two following. 



Case 4. JJitfo vulgaris, <f. . Sacrum formed entirely by the tenth 

 vertebra ; ninth vertebra small and united with the tenth. (Cut 4.) 



The ninth vertebra (normally sacral) is small and short from before 

 backwards ; the transverse processes are slightly larger than those of the 

 eighth and almost equal to those of the seventh, and are directed very 

 slightly forwards ; the anterior zygapophyses are normal, but the parts 

 representing the posterior zygapophyses are fused with the tenth vertebra, 

 the line of union being still visible ; the centrum is completely ankylosed 

 with that of the tenth, and no line of demarcation whatever can be made 

 out. 



The tenth vertebra, which is the sacrum, is similar to the normal 

 sacrum in all respects, except where it is ankylosed to the ninth, viz. in 

 the complete fusion of its centrum with that of the ninth, and the oblitera- 

 tion of the anterior zygapophyses, due to the union with the corresponding 



