PRIMULA CONFERENCE. 



239 



is a great multiplication of small fibres, and a consequent extension of 

 absorbent surface. Notice, too, that there is no caulicle; in other words, 

 the radicle comes straight away from beneath the two cotyledons without 

 there being any perceptible internode (stalk between the base of the 

 seed leaves and the top of the root). In a seedling Primrose may 

 generally be observed the radicle, giving off" branches, then an erect 



Fig. 9.— pbimcla geeaxlfolla, Fig. 10. — peimula flobibcxda ; seedling 



Showing radicle, lateral roots spreading plants. 



horizontally, caulicle, and stalked The line to the right indicates the real size, 

 cotyledons. 



cylindrical portion bearing the cotyledons or seed-leaves, but sometimes 

 reduced to very small dimensions ; this is the caulicle or tigellum. Above the 

 two seed leaves is the plumule, consisting of the first leaf or leaves above the 

 cotyledons. In these seedlings it is curious to see how, whilst the primary 

 roots descend vertically, the secondary ones pass off horizontally (figs. 9, 10), 



r2 



