132 



COUES, 



rior corner of the edge of the transverse process of the atlas, and 

 proceeding straight up to (the head ? — insertion destroyed). 



Splenius. — (Upper half much mutilated); apparently no distinc- 

 tion of S. "capitis" and "colli." Below, a large, rather thin, fleshy 

 plane, passing a little obliquely from the head downwards toward the 

 middle line of the neck; terminating about opposite the last cervical 

 vertebra, where, and for a little distance below, it is united with its 

 fellow by a tendinous raphe. Superficial, with the usual relations to 

 all deep-seated muscles. 



Complexus. — (Destroyed above) ; below, an oblique plane, of rath- 

 er small size, just internal to the trachelo-mastoideus ; inserted by 

 about 1 fleshy digitations into the spinous processes of as many lower 

 cervical vertebrae. 



Bivenler. — (Mostly destroyed); but, as well as we can determine 

 from the mutilated remains, differentiated from the complexus; a 

 terete fascicle along the median line of the back of the neck, with no 

 tendinous intersection. 



Trachelo-mastoideus. — (Destroyed above; arises from mastoid. — 

 Owen) ; below, a mostly distinct and rather terete than digitate mus- 

 cle, separating complexus from " transversalis colli," and somewhat 

 blended with the latter. No tendinous intersections observed ; inser- 

 tion by about 3 closely approximated, and in fact, blended, thick, fleshy 

 digitations, into the bases of the transverse processes of as many 

 lower cervical vertebras. 



c. Of the Back (with their cervical prolongations). 



Not to enter upon details alike tedious and- fruitless, we may rather 

 briefly notice the conformation of the special muscles of the back. 



Disregarding for the time the caudal prolongation of the longissi- 

 raus, the erector spina? may be said to begin over the pelvis opposite 

 the tip of the ilia; it is at the outset completely differentiated into 

 "longissimus dorsi," or erector proper, and sacro-lumbalis" or " ilio- 

 costalis;" the latter, separate in its whole extent, is not further di- 

 vided into a " musculus access, ad s.-lumb. ;" it continues up the neck 

 as "transversalis colli and cervicalis ascendens," which are separated 

 by the trachelo-mastoid and complexus from the corresponding cervi- 

 cal prolongations of longissimus proper, viz., semi-spinalis dorsi et 

 colli, and multifidi. To this general indication we may acid the fol- 

 lowing descriptions : 



Longissimus. — In the loins a remarkably distinct, flattened terete 

 belly, almost wholly muscular, without dense aponeurotic investment, 

 and with only a few (3-4) distinct fasciculi or digitations, that arise 

 from lumbar transverse processes. Already differentiated, as just said, 

 from sacro-lumbalis, the muscle runs upward with a nearly uniform 

 width, and straight, somewhat free, outer border ; opposite the last 



