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ME. M. BERKELEY ON HORTICULTURE IN HUNGARY. 159 



removed. The flowers are of much the same sorts as those culti- 

 vated in England, though, from the severity of the winter, some 

 perennials which succeed with us do not admit of out-door culti- 

 vation. Numerous white chairs and tables are scattered every 

 where, which, with the wickerwork of the borders, give the ground 

 a gay appearance. 



What, however, strikes an English eye the most is the entire 

 absence, in most Hungarian gardens, of anything like evergreens; 

 for there are no yews, no cedars, no firs, no holly trees, nor any- 

 thing that is green in winter ; in consequence of which there is a 

 comparative want of contrast in summer, and an appearance of 

 utter desolation in winter. In summer the foliage is afforded 

 chiefly by acacias, gleditschias, poplars, and occasionally oaks. 



The garden is cultivated by peasant girls under the superintend- 

 ence of the gardener, who are paid 2d. a day. They always go 

 about without shoes or stockings, as the only time when the Hun- 

 garian peasants wear shoes, which are considered a luxury, is when 

 they are at church, or when the snow is on the ground. As was 

 formerly the case almost universally in Scotland, the boots or 

 shoes are carried in the hand, and put on only when they arrive 

 at the church-door. 



The tools generally used in a Hungarian garden are very large 

 heart-shaped hoes and wooden rakes. A spade is very seldom 

 seen. The wheelbarrow holds no more than a bushel, and is made 

 entirely without iron, the wheel consisting of a disk of board, and 

 the spindle of a piece of juniper or other tough wood. 



The most prominent feature on entering a Hungarian gentle- 

 man's garden is the hothouses, which, though not as magnificent 

 as they are frequently in our own gardens, are on an extensive 

 scale, adapted to the exigencies of the climate. They are of three 

 different kinds S 1, the Szaporito Haz (the slip- or propagating- 

 house) ; 2, the Hajto Haz (the forcing-house) ; 3, the Hideg Haz 

 (or cool house, answering to our greenhouse or orangery). 



The Szaporito Haz is a neat structure with four stone walls and 

 a sloping roof of glass, the front wall being 4 feet high, and the 

 back wall 7 feet. It is heated by means of a flue, which goes 

 round the house from the furnace to the chimney. The flue is 

 enclosed in a wall or bricks about 3| feet high, in which there are 

 four doors for the insertion of pans of water, which are placed on 

 the top of the flue. Deal boards, which have numerous holes 

 pierced in them, are nailed to the two walls over the flue, and on 

 these the mould is placed — the holes in the boards being first filled 



