CHAPTER IX. 



TOOLS AND CONVENIENCES 

 OF THE YEAR. 



The devices which are recorded below are such as have been 

 invented during the year or which have come into prominent 

 notice during that time. Several of them are not new, but 

 they have been, for the most part, little known. 



Pearce's Orchard Gang Plow. — (Figs. 2 and 3, page 175.) 

 A valuable combined machine designed expressly for orchard 

 work. — J. A. Pearce, Grand Rapids, Michigan. 



A Horse Scuffle-Hoe. — (Fig. 4, page 175.) The knife can 

 be secured to the frame of almost any plow-like cultivator. The 

 knife is made of a simple piece of spring steel about two inches 

 wide, sharpened on the front edge. It is excellent for cleaning 

 walks of weeds, and to stir up ground which has " baked." — 

 Popular Gardening, August, 249. 



Horse Grape-Hoe. — (Fig. 5, page 175.) This implement 

 has a light tapering pole with an iron extending in front of the 

 horse's breast in a curve, with a slot in the end by which it is 

 strapped to the collar. Back of the horse a piece is framed at 

 right angles to which the whiffle-tree is attached, and also the 

 lower ends of the handles, the middle of the handles being 

 supported by a post farther back. The pole is on the right 

 side of the horse, and on the under side of the pole near the 

 back end is framed a standard sticking out in a slanting di- 

 rection to the right at an angle of about 40 . The lower end 

 of this standard carries a steel hoe four inches deep and ten 

 inches wide, and this hoe cleans the ground almost up to the 

 grapevine stems. — E. H. Cushman, Ohio Far ?ner. 



Onion Drag. — (Fig. 6, page 175.) A hand-drag for use upon 

 onions both before and after the seed comes up. Twelve-penny 

 nails answer for teeth. — Fred. W. Card, in Popular Gardening, 

 August, 271. 



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