o32 



HYDROGRAPHY. 



hill to the northward on with the outer part of the cape, will 

 notify that you are on the bar, in 4^ or 5 fathoms water. From this 

 position, in ordinary weather, the outer line of the North Spit will be 

 perceived ; the inner line of demarcation is at all times perceptible 

 by the ripple. When Young's Point is open with Point Adams you 

 are to the northward of the end of the North Spit, in which case, 

 stand to the southward until these two points are in range. If 

 intending to take the old channel by the cape and Baker's Bay, 

 then haul in for Point Ellis, or the light-green patch visible on 

 Chinook Hill. 



When Leading-in Cliff is well open with the inner point of the 

 cape, haul up for the latter and stand on ; you will then have doubled 

 close around the North Spit, in 7 fathoms water. It is better then to 

 keep the North Spit close aboard, if the wind is not too scant to 

 make a tack necessary, or to beat up for Baker's Bay ; but it will not 

 be found necessary to tack, if the ebb tide is strong on the lee bow; it 

 will keep a vessel sufficiently to windward, and on the direct course 

 for the inner point of the cape. If, however, a vessel should open 

 Green Point, she must go about, as it is not safe to approach nearer 

 the Middle Sands than this range. 



In standing in, take care to avoid the sandspit which stretches 

 off from the Middle Sands towards the cape. The two outer bluffs 

 of the cape in range will strike it ; and until this range is passed, 

 the cape side should be kept close aboard, but do not approach so 

 near as to be subjected to be becalmed. If through negligence or 

 otherwise this should happen, the only resource is to come to anchor, 

 and await a favorable tide. Both ebb and flood are strong, but 

 particularly the former, which sometimes flows at the rate of 5 and 

 6 miles an hour, — a perfect mill-race ; no boat can make way against 

 it. After the range of the bluffs is passed, stand in for Baker's 

 Bay, and having opened a broad clearing of the woods on the cape, 

 anchor in from 7 to 10 fathoms. 



If it be the intention to proceed up to Astoria, and a pilot is not to 

 be had, stand up, keeping the small islet in the cove of the cape 

 open until the dead trees on Point Adams bear nearly south- 

 southeast, per compass. Steer for them. If young flood, take care to 

 keep on the starboard, or Sand Island side, whilst crossing over to the 

 Clatsop Channel ; if near high water, give the Sand Island a wider 

 berth, as there is a liability to touch on the sandspit making off 



