40 



Annals of Horticulture. 



"Varieties and cultural methods. No extended and system- 

 atic work has been done in testing varieties or cultural 

 methods. Our early orchardists planted a few of the more 

 hardy varieties, gave them no care, and reaped good crops, 

 which sold well ; but our later orchardists find that hardy 

 varieties are not all-sufficient, and that some care must be 

 given trees if good returns are expected in these days when 

 cheap and rapid transit bring us into close competition with 

 other sections. Thus, at present we are largely involved in 

 experiment. A few varieties are established, but the majority 

 are on trial. Our soil and climate are so varied that very 

 different results are obtained with the same variety, in local- 

 ities only a few miles apart, but having different aspects, soil 

 and surroundings. The most annoying feature of this part of 

 the subject is the wretched condition of the nomenclature 

 of our fruits. Frequently at our exhibitions and fairs the 

 same variety parades under several names, while the opposite 

 is as frequently true. Much of this is due to the fact 

 Fruits that well-known fruits in the older states change color, size 

 North- ar *d flavor when grown on our basaltic soils and in this pecu- 

 west liar climate. As yet the simplest methods of culture are fol- 

 lowed, only the more progressive orchardists recognizing that 

 clean cultivation and thorough pruning are necessary to best re- 

 sults. Each of several sections has its favorite varieties. Gen- 

 erally speaking they are : Apples — Red Astrachan, Williams' 

 Favorite, Gravenstein, Tompkins King, Ben Davis, Baldwin, 

 Northern Spy, Twenty Ounce, Esopus Spitzenburgh, Fall 

 Pippin, Canada Reinette, Yellow Bellefleur, Golden Russet, 

 Monmouth, McAfee and Blue Pearmain. Pears — Bartlett, 

 Duchesse d' Angouleme, Winter Nelis, Vicar, Louise Bonne de 

 Jersey, Flemish Beauty, Aujou, White Doyenne. Peaches — 

 Alexander, Hale's Early, Early Crawford, French, Early Char- 

 lotte, Salway, Cox's Cling, Indian. Plums — Peach, Yellow 

 Egg, Columbia, Reine Claude. Prunes — Italian d'Agen, Hun- 

 garian, Coe's Golden Drop. Cherries — Napoleon, Luelling, 

 Bigarreau, Black Eagle, May Duke. B lackberries—L,^ton, 

 Kittatinny, Everbearing. . Raspberries — Cuthbert, Gregg, Red 

 Antwerp, Souhegan. Currants — Cherry, Fay, Red Dutch 

 and Victoria. Gooseberries— Oregon Champion, Industry, 

 Downing. Strawberries — Wilson, Clarke, Gandy, Jucunda, 

 Big Bob, Sharpless. Grapes — Concord, Delaware, Sweet- 



