44 



Annals of Horticulture. 



roundish, oblate, conical ; skin thin, smooth in the shade, 

 greenish or pale yellow in the sun, covered with light and 

 dark stripes of purplish red ; flesh white, fine-grained, tender, 

 slightly subacid, with delicious flavor ; core large and open, 

 This fruit keeps later here than the Spitzenburgh. The 

 Winesap is one of the varieties largely planted by the old 

 settlers of the north Pacific coast. Both in Oregon and 

 Washington much fruit of this variety has been produced. It 

 is generally ready for market about Christmastime. The tree 

 is productive, bears early and holds its fruit well until late ; 

 it thrives well in a sandy soil. The fruit is of medium size,' 

 rather roundish, oblong ; skin smooth, of a fine dark red with 

 a few dark streaks ; flesh yellow, firm, crisp, with a rich, 

 high flavor — a fine cider-fruit. This variety is most profitable 

 in southeastern Washington. The Baldwin, the well-known 

 standard apple for the eastern states, is also an early winter 

 apple in western Washington and Oregon, where it is grown 

 to some extent. There being several varieties ready for market 

 Apples in about the same time, and the tree being a moderate bearer, it is 

 Wash ton\ l ess n °ted than where grown in a colder and drier climate. 



"The varieties above mentioned are profitable for the Paci- 

 fic northwest. Trees are generally prolific over this entire re- 

 gion, and in eastern Washington the fruit grows to immense 

 size and retain to a considerable extent the late-keeping qual- 

 ity. For western Washington there is demand for a good 

 red, medium-sized apple that will keep as late as will the 

 Yellow Newtown Pippin. The ideal apple will grow on a 

 great variety of soils, but it seldom thrives on very dry lands, 

 or soils saturated with moisture. Its favorite soil in all 

 countries is a strong loam of a calcareous or lime-stone nature. 

 A deep, strong, gravelly, marly or clayey loam or a gravelly 

 subsoil, produces the greatest crops and highest-flavored fruit, 

 as well as the utmost longevity of the trees. Some parts of 

 Orcas Island, San Juan county, abound in such soil. The 

 calcareous or limestone nature predominates, and it is found 

 that trees growing there are thrifty, smooth-barked, bear 

 abundantly, and the fruit is of a high color and quality. It is 

 also found that these trees are not being attacked to any great 

 degree by injurious insects." 



Of pears, "the six varieties recommended by the Washing- 

 ton Horticultural Society, for general cultivation, are as fol- 



