no 



Annals of Horticulture. 



lady-bugs, the two leading species being Orcus chalybeus and 

 O. Australasia. Mr. Koebele is also introducing American in- 

 sects into the countries he visits. 



The signal success of the importation of vedalia has led to 

 several other efforts in similar directions, but so far apparently 

 without marked success, because of the loss of the insects upon 

 the voyage. Attempts are being made to carry the vedalia to 

 >re 1nsects S Egypt and South Africa, and efforts have been made to scat- 

 ter the parasites of the codlin-moth and Hessian fly.* All 

 these methods are earnests of a new method of dealing with 

 injurious insects, and one which promises great results. 



The grape phylloxeraf still continues to spread, particularly 

 in Europe, and it threatens the destruction of the grape in- 

 dustry in many of the most famous grape regions of the 

 world. The following account of the distribution of phyl- 

 loxera in Europe and adjacent Asia, is compiled by M. Battan- 

 chon from figures obtained in 1890 and 1891, and published in 

 the journal La Vigne Americaine : 



11 Spain. According to the latest accounts, the work of the 

 phylloxera is terrible in Spain, the want of protective measures 

 making the injury much more severe than it otherwise would 

 be. In each province there is a vigilance committee. An ex- 

 pert, acting under the orders of the committee, is supposed 

 , The to examine infected vineyards ; this service is under the di- 



phylloxera . . J } _ . ' . - , 



in Europe, rection of a higher central committee, which is located at 

 Madrid. Unfortunately, the service is very poor, for the 

 funds are very limited and the work of the committee amounts 

 to almost nothing. 



"In the province of Malaga, which was one of the first in- 

 vaded, it was impossible to save more than a few of the old 

 vineyards, and these are still bearing. Not a sufficient num- 

 ber of American vines have yet been grafted to make the crop 

 yielded by them of much importance. 



" The province of Grenada has been known to be infested 

 with phylloxera since 1886. To-day the applications of 

 the bisulphide of carbon are abandoned; it is the same with 

 submersion, which causes chlorosis in the healthy vines. 

 Palling up the vines and planting new vineyards are the only 

 treatments given at present. If, in leaving Grenada, one fol- 



*For an account of the importation of the Hessian fly parasites, see Insect Life, iv. 179. 

 f For an extended discussion of the phylloxera, see Annals for 1890, 9S-103. 



