1. 12 



Annals of Horticulture. 



stroyed. 32,000 hectares out of 50,000 have been ruined in 

 the Douro region. The present injury must be considerably 

 greater, as these numbers refer to 1889. Minho, also at- 

 tacked, sees its revenue reduced year by year. The situation 

 in Bairrada is about the same. New places of infection are 

 also reported in the southern vineyards of Alemtejo. There, 

 as in Spain, the precautions taken are insufficient ; the vine- 

 yards are renewed but slowly, although some growers are 

 planting extensively, and with success. 



" Italy. The actual area over which the vineyards are at- 

 tacked by phylloxera in Italy is about 40,000 hectares, and 

 the area threatened is about 200,000 hectares. Tuscany is 

 badly infested, as is also the island of Elba. Southern Italy 

 is not in the best condition. The pest gradually spread 

 from Calabria, where it first gained a foothold, into all the 

 neighboring provinces. In the province of Lecce, and in all 

 eastern Italy, the insect spread quite rapidly on account of 

 the trifling distances between the vineyards. 



"An eighth part of all the vineyards of Sicily, covering 

 phylloxera about 212,000 hectares, were infested at the end of 1889; 

 in Europe. smce then the disease has spread from one locality to an- 

 other, and all the efforts of the Sicilian growers to check 

 its progress have been in vain. 



" In Sardinia the insect has spread throughout the entire 

 province of Sassari, and it now commences to invade Cag- 

 liari. 



" Austro-Hungary. In 1889 the phylloxera had invaded 61 

 communes in Lower Austria, 39 in Styria, and 29 in Carinthia. 

 In Hungary, more than 1,300 communes, representing over 

 40 departments, were diseased. At present it is estimated 

 that 17 per cent, of the vineyards of Austro-Hungary have 

 been destroyed by the phylloxera, and that sixty-three per 

 cent, are badly, affected, thus leaving only 20 per cent, which 

 are considered as healthy. It must be said that during the 

 past few years the insect has spread remarkably fast, seem- 

 ing to advance more rapidly in loose gravelly soils. In all 

 these localities preventive measures have given only partially 

 satisfactory results. Here, also, the American stocks are com- 

 ing into use. Large quantities are being cultivated in the 

 state nurseries and in the various departments. The only 

 countries of the empire which are still free from attack, are 



