540 Notices of Communications to the Society, of which 



Apple Tree. " Seme years ago I told Mr. Knight, I thought 

 I could preserve the Golden Pippin, and other of our old 

 Apples, for garden culture, free from canker, by a little 

 management in pruning. The Golden Pippin Apple I find 

 to succeed better on a Crab stock,* than on the Paradise, or 

 cultivated Apple. I began six years ago by selecting the 

 most healthy shoot I could find, from an old Espalier Golden 

 Pippin Tree, and grafted it on a true Crab stock near the 

 root. The graft shot about a foot in length, and in the 

 following month of March, I pruned away about one third of 

 this shoot, leaving only the lower part which was perfectly 

 ripened. This process of cutting away one third of all the 

 annual shoots in the spring, has been repeated every year 

 since, and I have now a fine young dwarf Golden Pippin Tree, 

 as perfectly free from canker as any new healthy variety. But 

 it will be necessary to continue this annual pruning, otherwise 

 if the imperfectly ripened wood were left, it would be subject 

 to canker." Mr. Williams exemplified this statement by 

 transmitting annual shoots of the Golden Pippin tree thus 

 treated ; they had continued in a growing state till the middle 

 of October, but all the wood formed after the middle of 

 August, though it possessed sufficient vitality to the very 

 ends to allow of elongation in the following spring and 

 summer, yet being imperfectly ripened, would have become 

 cankered through the whole of its length, whilst the wood 



* " Stocks raised from the seed of the Siberian Crab, on a comparative trial 

 with the English Crab, succeed best. The annual shoot of the Siberian Crab 

 ceases to elongate after the month of August, the roots in course become less 

 active in propelling the upward sap, hence the wood and buds of the grafts are 

 more perfectly ripened in the autumn/' 



