viii 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER VIII. page 



How Animals Eat , 49 



1. The Prehension of Food . .... 49 



2. The Mouths of Animals 55 



3. The Teeth of Animals 63 



4. Deglutition, or How Animals Swallow 72 



CHAPTER IX. 



The Alimentary Canal 74 



CHAPTER X. 



How Animals Digest 91 



CHAPTER XL 



The Absorbent System 94 



CHAPTER XII. 



The Blood of Animals 97 



CHAPTER XIII. 



The Circulation of the Blood 103 



CHAPTER XIV. 



How Animals Breathe 111 



CHAPTER XV. 



Secretion and Excretion 121 



CHAPTER XVI. 



The Skin and Skeleton 127 



CHAPTER XVII. 



How Animals Move 154 



1. Muscle... . 154 



2. Locomotion 157 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



The Nervous System , 166 



1. The Senses 176 



2. Instinct and Intelligence 184 



3. The Voices of Animals 188 



