122 



COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



be poured. Usually, however, the cells of the membrane 

 manufacture the secretion from materials furnished by the 

 blood. Even in the higher animals, there are such secret- 

 ing membranes. The membranes lining the nose and ali- 

 « 5 mentary canal and enclosing 

 the lungs, heart, and joints, 

 secrete lubricating fluids. 



The infolding of such a 

 membrane into little sacs or 

 short tubes (follicles), each 

 having its own outlet, is the 

 type of all secreting and ex- 

 <? , , ■ creting organs. The lower 



tribes have nothing higher, 

 and the apparatus for pre- 

 paring the gastric fluid at- 

 tains no further develop- 

 ment even in Man. When 



Fig. S9.-Three plans of secreting Mem- a c l us ter of these f ollicleS, Or 

 branes. The heavy line represents the 



areolar-vascular layer; the next, line is saCS, discharge their Contents 

 the basement, or limiting membrane; 



and the dotted line the epithelial layer: by One COmmOU dllCt, WG 



a shows increase of surface by simple i „ i„ j 0.4.1 ±u 



plaited or fringed projections; *, Ave haVe a 9 land - But whether 



modes of increase by recesses, forming met nbrane, follicle, Or gland, 

 simple glands, or follicles ; c, two forms 7 



of compound glands. the organ is covered w T ith a 



net-work of blood-vessels, and lined witli epithelial cells, 

 which are the real agents in the process. 



The chief Secreting Organs are the salivary glands, 

 gastric follicles, pancreas, and liver, all situated along the 

 digestive tract. 



1. The salivary glands, which open into the mouth, se- 

 crete saliva. They exist in nearly all Vertebrates, higher 

 Mollnsks, and Insects, and are most largely developed in 

 such as live on vegetable food. The saliva serves to lu- 

 bricate or dissolve the food for swallowing, and, in some 

 Mammals, aids also in digestion of starch. 89 



