150 



COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



Fig. 115.— Skeleton of the Tortoise (plastron removed) : a, cervical vertebrae ; c, dor- 

 sal vertebrae ; d, ribs; e, marginal bones of the carapace; scapula; k, precora- 

 coid ; &, coracoid ; /, pelvis ; i, femur ; g, tibia ; h, fibula. 



Fig. 116.— Skeleton of a Vulture: 1, cranium— the parts of which are separable only 

 in the chick; 2, cervical vertebrae ; 3, dorsal ; 4, coccygeal, or caudal ; the lumbar 

 and sacral are consolidated; 5, ribs; 6, sternum, or breast-bone, extraordinarily 

 developed; 7, furculum, clavicle, or " wish-bone;" 8, coracoid; 9, scapula; 10, 

 humerus-. 11, ulna, with rudimentary radius; 12, metacarpals; 13, phalanges of 

 the great digit of the wing; 19, thumb ; 14, pelvis ; 15, femur ; 16, tibia-tarsus and 

 fibula, or crus; 17, tarso-metatarsus ; 18, internal digit, or toe, formed of three 

 phalanges ; the middle toe has four phalanges ; the outer, five ; and the back toe, 

 or thumb, two. 



