356 



COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



stead of a nail. The cerebrum is relatively small, and 

 flattened, and does not cover the cerebellum and olfactory 



lobes. 182 They are found 

 mainly in Madagascar. 



13. Primates, the head 

 of the kingdom, are char- 

 acterized by the posses- 

 sion of two hands and 

 two feet. The thigh is 

 free from the body, and 

 all the digits are fur- 

 nished with nails, the first 



Fig. 351.— Lemur (L. ruber). Madagascar. Oil the foot enlarged to a 



"great toe." Throughout the order, the hand is eminently 

 or wholly prehensile, and the foot, however prehensile it 

 may be, is always locomotive. 183 The clavicles are perfect. 

 The eyes are situated in a complete bony cavity, and 

 look forward. There are two sets of teeth, all enamelled ; 

 and the incisors number four in each jaw. They are 

 divided into Monkeys and Apes, and Man. 



The Monkeys of tropical America have, generally, a 

 long, prehensile tail ; the nostrils are placed far apart, 

 so that the nose is wide and flat : the thumbs and great 

 toes are fitted for grasping, but are not opposable to the 

 other digits ; and they have four molars more than the 

 Apes or Man — that is, thirty -six teeth in all. In the 

 Apes of the Old World the tail is never prehensile, and 

 is sometimes wanting; the nostrils are close together; 

 both thumbs and great toes are opposable ; and the teeth, 

 though numbering the same as Man's, are uneven (the 

 incisors being prominent, and the canines large), and the 

 series is interrupted by a gap on one side or other of 

 the canines. Their average size is much greater than 

 that of the Monkeys, and they are not so strictly arboreal. 

 In both Monkeys and Apes, the cerebrum covers the cere- 



