34 



MARINE AND FISHERIES 



6-7 EDWARD VII., A. 1907 



furnishes numerous forms, among which may be mentioned Chirodota, under the 

 mussel beds to the left of the railway bridge ; and farther inwards, around the remains 

 of a former dam, are large-sized limpets and tube-worms. Craig's Ledges, on the 

 upper side of the entrance to Chamcook harbour, are resorts rich in sea-anemones, 

 brittle-stars, &c., as are also tide-pools near the outer, rocky end of Pendleton's 

 island. In one of these, small enough to be jumped over and deep as one's waist, 

 supported by a big rock on the side towards the water, and situated at about half- 

 tide mark, during two successive summers, a great collection of animals appeared, 

 comprising many species, among which may be mentioned a brachiopod {Terehratu- 

 lina) which is usually procured only by dredging, and a tube-worm (Amphitrite) . Near- 

 by in fine sand occurs a species of Enchytrceus. The ' western block ' on the bar between 

 St. Andrew's and the island, and other places, were frequently visited and might be 

 mentioned, but this must suffice. 



The dredge was used in the St. Croix river above Dochet Island, between Joe's 

 point and Hobbin's Town, off all sides of St. Andrew's Island, up the bay towards the 

 mouths of the Bocabec, Digdequash and Magaguadavic rivers, and once we went as far 

 east as L'Etang and dredged scallops, landing on Frye's island at low water when re- 

 turning. Opposite where the station stood we dredged at many places round the light- 

 house (Sand Keef Light) and off McMaster's, Pendleton's and Deer islands. We also 

 dredged off Pleasant point, and once went as far south as Eastport, Campobello island, 

 and Lubec Narrows. This last is a rich and interesting region, and it is to be 

 regretted that the staff were unable to examine it thoroughly as well as to visit Grand 

 Manan. 



The fisheries of economic importance at St. Andrew's are chiefly cod, haddock, 

 pollock, herring, mackerel, and clams and lobsters. 



At Canso the tidal water rises and falls only about 4 feet, affecting but a narrow 

 belt of the shore. There are few accessible rich collecting spots, the coast being gen- - 

 erally rocky with here and there small beaches of rounded stones, but seldom gravel, 

 sand or mud. Wherever stones large enough for protection to animals and small 

 fnough to be moved by the collector do occur there is intolerably rough water pro- 

 ducing friction fatal to delicate animal forms. At such places the stones, worn round 

 and smooth by constant rolling and grinding, are heaped in enormous masses, while at 

 other places they are laid out like pavement stones and solidly cemented into the beach. 



At low water mark the star fishes and sea-urchins, which are a feature of the St. 

 Andrew's region do not appear ; these, however, may be found in limited numbers under 

 wharfs or at places up the centre of Tickle channel; but sea-cucumbers, that at St. 

 Andrew's may be found clinging to the ledges or arranged by the score in beds below 

 the lowest tide limits, are scarcely ever seen at Canso; only two or three that were 

 brought from deep water were secuerd. Sea anemones flourish under the wharfs and 

 especially at French Point, where large brown, gray, yellow and orange Metridia occur 

 side by side in the fissures of rocks. At this point too the horse-mussel and the edible 

 mussel occur, but the latter may be obtained abundantly at the ' breakwater ' (Grave 

 Lrland). Clams are scarce, but may be found, together with a few razor shells (Solen), 

 c\'c Grassy Island and Publicover Beach. The large round whelk may be procured at ' 

 Indian Cove, and the long whelk, together with the purple shell, the periwinkle, and 

 little limpets, in small numbers at Glasgow Head. Various Nudibranchs live on the 

 sea- weeds under certain wharfs, and fine specimens of ^olis papillosa under stones in 

 ^the narrow channel between Piscatiqui and George Islands. Calcareous sponges, hy- 

 droids, and bryozoa occur on the submerged timbers of wharfs or on the sea-weeds to 

 be found there or especially at Cranberry Islands. Arenicola, Nereis, Nephthys and 

 other worms may be dug up from Llanigan Beach, where the laboratory stood, and in 

 Grassy Island Cove and Publicover Beach. The sessile barnacle, the sand shrimp and 

 the crab are the chief crustaceans, but lobsters, so plentiful in deep water among the 

 islands, may be occasionally seen lurking under the edges of rocks along shore. 



Dredgings were made at various places in Chedabucto Bay, e.g., at Crow Harbour, 

 on Hydra Shoal, across the entrance to the Gut of Canso, and from that eastward be- 



