34 



Aphides or Plant-Lick. 



[APRIL, 



or any substances except milk, cream, or salt. Standard reno- 

 vated or process butter is renovated or process butter containing 

 not more than 16 per cent, of water, and at least 82*5 per cent, 

 of butter fat. 



Cheese is the solid and ripened product obtained by 

 coagulating the casein of milk by means of rennet or acids, 

 with or without the addition of ripening ferments and seasoning. 

 By Act of Congress, approved June 6th, 1896, cheese may also 

 contain additional colouring matter. Whole milk ox full cream 

 cheese is cheese made from milk from which no portion of the 

 fat has been removed. Skim milk cheese is cheese made from 

 milk from which any portion of the fat has been removed. 

 Cream cheese is cheese made from milk and cream, or milk 

 containing not less than 6 per cent, of fat. Standard whole milk 

 cheese or full cream cheese is whole milk or full-cream cheese, 

 containing in the water-free substance not less than 50 per cent, 

 of butter fat. 



Whey is the product remaining after the removal of fat and 

 casein from milk in the process of cheese making. 



Aphides or Plant-Lice.* 



Nearly all plants, in garden and field, and under glass, suffer 

 from the ravages of Aphides. These universal pests are most 

 common in temperate climates, but even in the tropics whole 

 crops are ruined by them. The Aphis enemies of many crop 

 and ornamental plants are very numerous in species. The 

 Aphides themselves are known by a great variety of names, 

 such as Green and Black Fly, Smotherers, and Dolphins, while 

 the disease they produce is sometimes termed " Blight." 



They belong to a group of insects called Hemiptera, 

 which are provided with a mouth used for sucking and 

 capable of piercing the structures of plants, upon the sap 

 of which they feed. They undergo what is termed an incom- 

 plete metamorphosis, that is, there is no quiescent chrysalis 

 (pupal) stage, and they feed throughout their whole existence. 



*The following species of Aphis are dealt with separately, viz.: Woolly Aphis 

 (Leaflet 34), Currant Aphides (Leaflet 68), and Hop Aphis (Leaflet 88). 



