1904.3 



A System of Manuring. 



203 



covered with the bright coral-pink warts of the Nectria, and 

 should then at once be destroyed, or at all events removed 

 from the neighbourhood of living trees. 



When pruning, it is a wise precaution to protect every cut 

 or damaged surface with a coating of gas-tar, and also to 

 remove and trim the ends of branches broken by the wind or by 

 other agency. 



The coloured plate shows the fungus (natural size) on : (i). 

 Portion of diseased apple branch ; (2) Sycamore branch diseased ; 

 and (3) Diseased branch of red currant. Figure 4 shows coral- 

 red warts enlarged, and in their later stage changed to a rusty 

 brown colour with a roughened surface. 



The importance attached by farmers in Denmark to the 

 preservation of the manure produced on the farm was referred 



to in the previous number of this Journal* 

 A System of and it was mentioned that by the methods 

 M^^m^n^i^the a dopted the purchase of artificial manures 

 United States. was reduced to a minimum. The Year 



Book of the United States Department of 

 Agriculture for 1903 contains an account of a small farm of 

 15 acres situated in Pennsylvania, where the utilisation of the 

 manure appears to have been carried a step further, and, in 

 conjunction with a system of catch-cropping, to have enabled 

 the owner, while growing heavy crops, entirely to dispense with 

 purchased manures. The area actually in cultivation was 13 

 acres, 2 acres being occupied by buildings, and 30 head of 

 stock were kept, including 17 cows in milk, 11 young cattle, and 

 2 horses. The cows are all registered Jerseys, and the only 

 products sold were milk and a few young cattle. Male calves 

 were reared if fit for breeding, otherwise they were killed at 

 birth. The yield of milk averaged 480 gallons per cow annually, 

 the quality being high. All the stock remained in the barn all the 

 year round, as none of the land was employed for pasture. The 

 food consisted of silage in winter, or of rye, timothy and clover 



* " Farms in Denmark." Vol. XI. No. 3. 



