1904.] "Witches' Broom." 243 



Eventually the bark is cracked and falls away at these places, 

 and the unprotected wood also decays, forming large crater-like 

 wounds known as chaudrons by French foresters. Various 

 kinds of fungi, more especially wound-parasites, appear in these 



"Witches' Broom"' ox Silver Fir: Winter Condition. 



wounded portions, and hasten the destruction of the tree , or it 

 is broken by wind at the cankered spot. 



The second type of disease on conifers follow s when inocula- 

 tion of a bud takes place. This results in the formation of the 

 peculiar arrangement of branches commonly called a " witches" 



