426 



Dairy Farming in Sweden. 



[OCT., 



ments, which gave an average of 17 per cent, less moisture in 

 the butter made from pasteurised cream. Incidentally, it was 

 found that the butter-milk from this cream contained in each 

 instance more butter-fat than the butter-milk from the raw cream. 

 It is surmised that the butter made from pasteurised cream 

 contains less moisture, because pasteurisation tends to break up 

 the clusters of fat globules which obtain in the raw cream, and 

 the pasteurised cream consequently becomes thinner and less 

 viscous. 



The effect of the fulness of the churn was also investigated ; 

 and although the difference was small — the average of five 

 experiments being .62 per cent. — it was found that the larger 

 churnings yielded butter with less moisture. The reason is sup- 

 posed to be due to the tendency of overchurning when dealing 

 with a small amount of cream. If the temperature of the room 

 is higher than that of the cream the smaller churning would also 

 be more susceptible, since a high temperature, as well as over- 

 churning, tends to increase the moisture content of butter. If, 

 however, all other conditions are exactly similar the size of the 

 .churnings would appear to be immaterial. 



It was also experimentally shown that the degree of ripeness 

 of the cream has practically no influence in this connection. 



Dairy farming is an industry of considerable importance in 

 Sweden, and within the past thirty years it has been consider- 

 ably developed, so that instead of being a 

 Dairy Farming- , ■ . c , , 1 



in Sweden. butter-importmg country, Sweden was able 



in the decade 1 891-1900 to export an aver- 

 age quantity of 400,000 cwt. annually. The exports are sent 

 almost entirely to England and Denmark, and in 1902 the 

 quantity dispatched to the latter country was 199,000 cwt. and 

 to the former 194,000 cwt. It is probable, however, that a con- 

 siderable proportion of the amount sent to Denmark finds its 

 way to England through the hands of Danish merchants. Owing, 

 no doubt, to the increasing competition in this trade there has 

 been some falling-off in the exports since 1896, when a total 

 of 488,000 cwt. was reached. According to the British Trade 



