1905.] Spraying Fruit Trees and Bushes. 



647 



that the burning effect of Paris green alone is prevented by the 

 other ingredients if used in moderate strength. 



The next spraying would be directed to the poisoning of the 

 food of the caterpillars of the codlin moth, the apple sawfly, and 

 leaf-eating pests generally, while also destroying fungoid germs. 

 The last spraying would poison the food of leaf-eaters again,, 

 and check or stop fungoid attacks. 



Should an attack of aphides have persisted in spite of these 

 three sprayings with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green, an 

 extra spraying with 6 lb. of quassia chips, boiled gently for an 

 hour, and 10 lb. of soft soap in 100 gallons of water should 

 be applied. The damage done by a persistent and prolonged 

 attack of aphis last season in plantations of apples and plums 

 was extremely serious. Not only was the foliage curled and 

 blighted, but the young shoots also were twisted, especially 

 among plums, while the vitality of leaf and fruit buds alike was- 

 badly impaired. Some trees were almost ruined by the aphis 

 blight, and others will require fully another season for recovery.. 

 It is of comparatively little use to apply the quassia and soft 

 soap wash after the aphides have become curled up in leaves,, 

 so that timely application is essential to success. 



It is important to bear in mind the fact that Bordeaux 

 mixture should be used immediately after it is prepared. Some- 

 authorities state that it does not keep good for more than 

 forty-eight hours. 



The insect and fungoid attacks which could probably be 

 dealt with with more or less success by the four sprayings 

 recommended, including the winter spraying, are as follows : — 



Apples. 



Insects. — Woolly aphis, scale, bud moth, apple sucker, codlin 

 moth, apple sawfly, aphis, apple blossom weevil, winter moth 7 

 and leaf-eating pests generally. 



Fungi. — Canker, apple scab, apple rot, and brown rot. 



Plums. 



Insects. — Plum sawfly, aphis, winter moth, mottled umber 

 moth, and other leaf eaters. 



Fungi. — Leaf blight, plum leaf blister, brown rot, plum scab, 

 and Australian shot-hole fungus. 



