2 



MARINE AND FISHERIES 



1-2 EDWARD VII., A. 1902 



Islands and in certain foreign countries, and emphasized the importance and rare interest 

 of the results of dredging and collecting expeditions which had been carried on in 

 Dominion waters by the Canadian biological workers already referred to, and I added : 



* The fact that year after year professors and bands of students from the United States 



• resort to Canadian shores to carry on marine studies, preferring our prolific waters to 

 ' their own, clearly proves, if proof were needed, that a Marine Station in Canada would 

 'be able to accomplish great results.' 



Sir William Dawson, in his earlier days, as early indeed as 1835, made collections 

 of marine invertebrates in his native county of Pictou, and in 1858, completed success- 

 ful dredgings in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, off Gaspe. In 1859, and in later years, he 

 carried on dredging work in the entrance to the St. Lawrence, as far up as Murray Bay, 

 and continued this work off Little Metis from 1876 to 1882. Dr. Robert Bell, in 1858 

 made a collection of invertebrates over much the same grounds, and two United States 

 workers. Dr. J. R. Willis and Dr. W. Stimpson, the former from 1850 onwards, and the 

 latter in 1852, conducted important dredging expeditions in Nova Scotia and New 

 Brunswick, the published reports of which are well known and justly regarded as of 

 great value. Dr. Stimpson's ' Marine Invertebrates of Grand Manan,' published in 1853, 

 has long been a classic book of reference. Moreover, Dr. A, S. Packard, and Professor 

 Verrill also made important collections, especially in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, under 

 the auspices of the United States Fish Commission. The later investigations included 

 the waters of the Bay of Fundy, a faunistic region differing in a marked degree from the 

 waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 



In many respects, the most important Canadian work carried on by a marine 

 biologist, was that of Dr. J. F. Whiteaves, who from 1867 to 1873, collected Dmrine 

 forms, and published lists of moUusks, etc., of permanent value, and a very special interest 

 attaches to Dr. Whiteaves' work, inasmuch as in 1871, 1872 and 1873, the Department 

 of Marine and Fisheries afforded facilities to this distinguished scientist, to carry on 

 dredging expeditions in the deep waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence from Anticosti to 

 Cape Breton. The results of this work are of unusual utility and importance, and were 

 published in the Department's reports in the three years 1871-1873. They embrace 

 many valuable observations directly bearing upon the deep-sea and inshore fisheries. 



The famous Challenger expedition in 1873 touched the coast of Nova Scotia; but 

 the work done was somewhat brief and fragmentary, though of considerable scientific 

 interest. 



Mention should be made of the valuable and extensive reports on the Bay of Fundy 

 fisheries by Dr. Moses H. Perley, of St. John, N.B., accompanied by reports on the fishes 

 of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, published originally as appendices to the Journal 

 of the New Brunswick House of Assembly, Fredericton, N.B,, in 1851. About the 

 same date Dr. H. R. Storer published his ' Observations on the fishes of Nova Scotia and 

 Labrador.' Mr. T. F. Knight, under the auspices of the Nova Scotia Government, 

 prepared similar reports and lists of fishes, edible mollusks, &c., which were published 

 in 1866 and 1867. Dr. J. B. Gilpin of Halifax, N.S., Dr. Abraham Gesner of Anna- 

 polis, N.S , the Rev. John Ambrose, St. Margaret's Bay, N.S., and others also published 

 twenty or thirty years ago interesting papers on the fish and fishing industries of Nova 

 Scotia and New Brunswick. Of these minor zoological publications, it is not necessary 

 to say much, except to point out that Professor W. F. Ganong dredged in th'e southern 

 waters of the Bay of Fundy, and published valued lists of mollusks and other inverte- 

 brates comparable in many ways to those issued by various well known United States 

 scientific workers during the last twenty years. 



The suggestion which I had made in 1894, that maiine investigations could not 

 yield adequate results and could be of only limited national benefit unless some properly 

 equipped station existed on our shores, was taken up by Professor Knight of Queen's 

 University, Kingston, who, on May 6, 1895, addressed a letter to the Secretary of 

 the Royal Society of Canada, Sir John Bourinot, on the subject. This letter was 

 published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, and it urged the desirability of a lake 

 or seaside laboratory in Canada, to which our own naturalists could resort for some 

 months every summer and pursue research work in biology. Dr. Knight referred to 



