9 6 



American Type of Beef Cattle, 



every district, farm servants who remained in their places, 

 obtained their former rates ; but, owing to the somewhat 

 larger attendance than usual of farm servants at the fairs, 

 those who sought new places not infrequently had to accept 

 slight reductions. In a few districts, however, wages had an 

 upward tendency, and in most districts the scarcity of women 

 at the hirings caused a rise in the wages offered to them. 



Returns received from 68 correspondents in various parts 

 of Ireland show that, although there was not a general 

 movement in agricultural wages in 1901, there was an 

 upward tendency in a number of districts As was the case 

 last year, the wages of hired men who are lodged and board- 

 ed in the farmhouses, show the greater number of changes, 

 the rates paid to this class being frequently £1 to £2 per 

 annum (and in a few districts up to £4.) higher in 1901 than 

 in 1900. The upward movement ot wages in Ireland is again 

 ascribed to the growing scarcity of labour partly due to 

 emigration. 



(Labour Gazette, May, 1902.) 



The American Ideal Type of Beef Cattle. 



A report has recently been issued by the Bureau of Animal 

 Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture, on 

 the American Breeds of Beef Cattle. The writer of the report, 

 Mr. G. M. Rommel, Expert in Animal Husbandry, furnishes 

 the following definition of an ideal animal of beef type : — 



" The first point observed in an ideal animal of beef type 

 is his form. This will approximate to the rectangular. It will 

 show a body that is compact, symmetrical, broad, deep, and 

 close to the ground. Legs are only of use to carry the animal 

 around. He is ' straight in his lines,' that is, the lines from 

 the top of the shoulder to the tail head, and from the brisket 

 back to the purse, are as nearly parallel as possible, as are 

 also those from the centre of the shoulders to the centre of 

 the thighs, no deviation from the horizontal being allowed 



