42 



Effect of Grass on Apple Trees. [april, 



The railway companies do not object to carry milk in sealed 

 churns provided the tare weight is stamped on the outside of 

 the churn.* 



The withdrawal of milk from a churn may expose the con- 

 signor to risk of prosecution under the Sale of Food and Drugs 

 Acts, for selling milk from which fat has been abstracted ; 

 inasmuch as the cream may have risen before the withdrawal 

 took place, or, as in some instances, which have been brought 

 under the notice of the Board, milk may have been stolen and 

 water added to make up the quantity. In these circumstances,' 

 the Board suggest that the following points should be kept in 

 view in connection with the construction of milk churns : — 



(i) The churn should have the tare weight stamped on the 

 outside. (2) The lid of the churn should be con- 

 structed so as to facilitate sealing. (3) The churn 

 should be constructed so as to prevent, as far as possible, 

 the removal of milk from the churn while sealed. 

 (4) The churn should be constructed so as to prevent 

 water being ' added to the milk in the churn while 

 sealed. (5) The churn should be constructed so as to 

 prevent dust or dirt from being blown or washed into 

 the churn when the lid is affixed. 



The difference in the results obtained from apple trees grown 

 in grass and apple trees grown on cultivated land has been 

 referred to on several occasions in this 

 Effect of Grass on Journal j In the experiments at the 

 Apple Trees. Woburn Fruit Farm trees grown in grass 

 were scarcely bigger five years after 

 planting ; similar results followed the grassing over of pears, 

 cherries and plums immediately on planting, the check' given 

 to them being very severe. A comparison of the yields 

 obtained in New York State from apple orchards, in grass 

 and cultivated respectively, showed over an average of four 

 years that the tilled orchards gave a uniformly larger yield 

 than those in grass. 



These results are supported by some tests carried out at the 



See Leaflet No. no, " Carriage of Milk by Rail in Locked Cans." 

 t See Journal, vol. vii, p. 345, December, 1900. Vol. xii, p. 492, November, 

 1905, and p. 558. December, 1905. 



