162 Insect, Fungous and Other Pests. [june, 



the vinery is very extensive, hand-picking should be practised. 

 If this method is impracticable owing to the extent of the 

 area or the abundance of the caterpillars, the plants should be 

 sprayed with a wash consisting of i oz. of Paris green in 

 12 gallons of water, the mixture being kept well stirred during 

 the operation. 



Lecanium Scale on Plum. — Some twigs from a plum-tree 

 showed that it was infested with the Lecanium scale, against 

 which a soft soap and paraffin emulsion should be used : 5 lb. 

 of soft soap should be dissolved in boiling water, 1 gallon of 

 paraffin added, and the whole emulsified by thorough churning. 

 The quantity should be made up to 40 gallons, and the 

 infested parts well brushed with the mixture, which will 

 destroy the scale. 



Tortrix Caterpillars on Apple and Pear Trees. — In two cases 

 at New Barnet and Reigate, small Tortrix caterpillars were 

 found to be infesting apple and pear-trees. The tortrix moths 

 are included in the Microlepidoptera, and the caterpillars of 

 at least six species have been found attacking both leaf and 

 bud of pear and other trees. If the caterpillars are numerous 

 the buds may be quite destroyed. Infested trees should be 

 sprayed with Paris green (1 lb. of the paste in 250 gallons of 

 water), which would kill such caterpillars as feed on the 

 poisoned foliage. 



" Honey Fall " on Fruit Trees. — One inquirer asks how 

 the so-called "honey fall" on fruit trees may be removed. 

 Reference is doubtless made to the sticky secretion which falls 

 from the honey tubes of aphides and covers stem, leaf, and fruit 

 in patches, providing at the same time an excellent nidus for the 

 germination of numerous fungus spores. It may be cleared 

 away by means of a solution of soft soap in hot water, 3 oz. of 

 soft soap per gallon of water. 



The bark of fruit trees, e.g., the cherry, sometimes shows 

 drops of gum trickling down it. The exact cause of this is 

 still unknown, but Theobald mentions a case in which the gum- 

 ming ceased on a slice (6 to 8 in. long and as deep as the 

 cambium) being cut away from the tree on each side of the 

 gumming area. This was done in July. 



Fungus Gnats. — Small white elongated maggots were found 

 in quantities in old leaf mould near Wick, and identified as the 



