THE SOUTHWEST 



643 



page 640), but it is so far off the main 

 line of travel that it is rarely visited. It 

 is cut deeply into soft sandstones, which 

 rise in vertical walls, with many outlying 

 pinnacles and monuments. Some of 

 these features appear also in the great 

 wall of red sandstone on the north side 

 of the wide depression through which the 

 Santa Fe railroad crosses the continental 

 divide east of Gallup. One of the most 

 remarkable pinnacles of this wall is fan- 

 cifully termed the Navajo Church, shown 

 on page 637. 



the; i^orksts 



Few persons who travel across the 

 Southwest realize that in Arizona and 

 New Mexico there are enormous forests 

 of valuable timber and that the lumber- 

 ing is an important industry. In both 

 territories there are several large forest 

 reservations, and one of these in Arizona, 

 the Coconino Forest, with nearly 6,000 

 square miles, is the largest single reserve 

 in the United States. The total forest 

 area reserved in Arizona is 15,250,130 

 acres, or more than 24,000 square miles, 

 and in New Mexico there are 10,971,711 

 acres, or more than 17,000 square miles. 

 Southern California also has several 

 large reserves. 



The Coconino Forest in Arizona occu- 

 pies part of the great plateau in which the 

 Grand Canyon is cut, and extends to the 

 brink of the canyon. It covers a wide 

 area about San Francisco Mountains, and 

 extends southeastward for 200 miles 

 along the south edge of the plateau to 

 New Mexico. Its extension in that ter- 

 ritory is known as the Datil and Gila 

 reserves, comprising 4,652,450 acres, the 

 largest reserved area in the country. 

 There are other large reserves in various 

 portions of both territories. 



The principal tree in these forests is the 

 western yellow pine, and not the white 

 pine, as commonly reported. Its lumber 

 is only of moderate value as compared 

 with high-class woods, but its local im- 

 portance is very great. The trees grow 

 from 80 to 125 feet high, and many of 

 them 3 feet in diameter. In 1908 this 

 pine constituted 96.5 per cent of the lum- 



ber cut in Arizona and 87.7 per cent of 

 the cut in New Mexico. 



There is now great interest in the cul- 

 tivation of Eucalyptus in California, and 

 many large groves have been started as 

 a business enterprise. Several varieties 

 of the tree were introduced many years 

 ago, and most of them show remarkable 

 growth and high value for many pur- 

 poses. One of the railroad companies 

 has planted about 4,500 acres to raise 

 trees for ties, piling, and other uses. In 

 some cases a tree will attain a height of 

 100 feet in six years, but some of the 

 more rapid growing varieties have less 

 satisfactory timber than is obtained from 

 those of slower growth. One good feat- 

 ure of the tree is that it will grow on 

 soils that are of but little value for agri- 

 culture."^' 



THE INDIANS 



The visitor to the Southwest usually 

 takes keen interest in the Indians, who 

 are numerous not only along the main 

 lines of travel, but in many remote vil- 

 lages. Some tribes, notably the Apaches, 

 who continued to be troublesome until a 

 relatively recent date, have become fa- 

 mous for the misdeeds that materially re- 

 tarded the development of Arizona and 

 western New Mexico. Now, however, 

 all is peace and tranquillity. The news- 

 papers, especially Eastern ones, occasion- 

 ally print accounts of uprisings, but these 

 prove to be local quarrels with a few in- 

 dividuals. 



The Indians of the Southwest are of 

 two kinds, differing greatly in most of 

 their characteristics : One is the nomad 

 type, represented by the Apaches, Nava- 

 jos, the Yumas, Papagos and Pimas, and 

 smaller tribes; the other is the pueblo 

 type, which is comprised in 26 pueblos, 

 or villages, scattered through central and 

 western New Mexico, and in the Hopi 

 Reserve, in northeastern Arizona. 



Probably there is greater popular in- 

 terest in the pueblo people, for their set- 

 tlements are permanent and mostly very 

 ancient, and their religious ceremonies 

 are extremely elaborate and picturesque. 



* See Nat. Geog. Mag., July, 1909, pp. 668-673. 



