644 



THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



They live in villages of several hundred 

 inhabitants, in substantial stone or adobe 

 houses, some of which are in groups, ris- 

 ing in tiers to a height of four or five 

 stories, with streets and central plaza. 

 They are peaceful and industrious, rais- 

 ing crops largely by irrigation. They 

 have herds of cattle and sheep, and spin- 

 ning, weaving, and making their gar- 

 ments is one of their important occupa- 

 tions. 



Work appears evenly divided between 

 man and woman in the pueblos. The 

 men do the farming, tend to the cattle 

 and sheep, do the hunting, build the 

 houses, and have many smaller trades 

 and occupations. The women do the 

 housework, grind the corn, make pottery, 

 blankets, and clothes. 



The visitor is generally impressed by 

 the pueblo people, and pleased with the 

 agreeable home life and the simple hospi- 

 tality which they readily offer. 



Zuni is notable in this respect, and al- 

 though it is far out of the usual line of 

 travel it well repays a visit. The houses 

 are built of adobe — bricks of sun-dried 

 clay — and rise in tiers on the hill slope, 

 as shown on page 652, so that in many 

 cases the roof of one is the front yard 

 of the next. All are provided with win- 

 dows and doors, and inside there are 

 clean whitewashed walls and fairly high 

 ceilings, supported by long stout logs. 

 The floor is adobe, smooth and clean. 

 At one corner is an open fireplace, but 

 cookstoves are not uncommon. The fur- 

 niture consists of chairs and board 

 tables, while for beds skins are spread 

 on the floor. At night kerosene lamps 

 give light. One can spend a very pleas- 

 ant evening in such a home with the 

 bright cheerful Zuni men and women, 

 and find the conditions quite equal to and 

 even better than the standard of the 

 lower-class ranches of the West. 



Many visitors go to the Hopi villages, 

 75 miles northwest of Holbrook, to wit- 

 ness the snake dance and other cere- 

 monies, and Zuni, Taos, Acoma, and 

 other pueblos are occasionally visited by 

 the sightseers. Laguna, on the Santa Pe 

 Railroad, a few hours west of Albuquer- 



que, is the best known by sight, for all of 

 it is visible from the train. 



The elaborate religious beliefs and ob- 

 servances of the Indians of the South- 

 west have been the subject of many vol- 

 umes, and although some of the Chris- 

 tian churches claim a few converts, the 

 simple people of the pueblos prefer to 

 cling to their own ancient traditions. 



In earlier days, long prior to the dis- 

 covery of the continent by Europeans, 

 the Southwest was occupied by a large 

 population of agricultural people, with 

 extensive settlements in many of the val- 

 leys. We now find ruins of the villages, 

 traces of their irrigation works, and old 

 hiding places among the cliffs, which 

 throw much light upon their character, 

 occupation, and history. 



The pueblo people of the present ap- 

 pear to be their descendants, but they 

 are only a handful compared to those of 

 the earlier times. It is evident that they 

 were victims of the predatory Indians 

 from the North, notably the Apaches, 

 and there are many traditions among 

 the surviving tribes of the ruthless war- 

 fare which their ancestors suffered. 



TOURISTS 



The interesting features of the South- 

 west, notably the beauty of the coast re- 

 gion and the special climatic advantages, 

 draw a large number of tourists and 

 health-seekers, especially in winter, and 

 every year sees a substantial increase in 

 the influx of visitors. 



Southern California is the principal 

 destination, and Los Angeles, Pasadena, 

 and the beach resorts receive a great 

 throng of sightseers. Many of them 

 also go south to San Diego and the 

 nearby Coronado Beach, where the mag- 

 nificent Del Coronado Hotel delights 

 the visitor. Others content themselves 

 with a visit to Los Angeles and Pasa- 

 dena and go north through Santa Bar- 

 bara and other places to San Francisco. 

 Phoenix, Arizona, receives a moderate 

 share, notably of the health-seekers. 



The conditions of travel and living in 

 the Southwest are similar to those in 

 most other portions of the West. Two 



