1908.] Agricultural Education in Hungary. 135 



is especially insisted on, but theoretical instruction is given, 

 chiefly in the winter, for a limited number of hours per week ; 

 it is, however, confined to subjects which are considered 

 absolutely necessary. The course extends over two years, and 

 anyone over 17 years of age is admitted who has obtained an 

 elementary certificate from a primary school, is healthy and of 

 good moral character. The pupils are lodged and boarded at 

 the school at an inclusive charge, including tuition, of 300 crowns 

 (£12 105.) a year, but there are also free scholarships. 



Each of these schools has a farm of from 142 to 560 acres 

 devoted to all branches of agriculture, horticulture and vine- 

 growing, and the breeding of live stock. All the work of 

 the farm is done by the pupils under the direction of the 

 instructors, so that they are taught practically the use of the 

 various implements and machinery, the care and management 

 of cattle, the storage of grain and wine, as well as the 

 manufacture of the products common in the district. 



The theoretical instruction occupies from 10 to 12 hours a 

 week, and includes 1. Grammar ; 2. Land Measurement ; 

 3. Geography ; 4. Elementary physics ; 5. Agriculture ; 6. Live 

 stock, dairying; 7. Book-keeping; 8. Laws relating to Agri- 

 culture ; 9. Horticulture, arboriculture and vine-growing ; 10. 

 Poultry, bees, &c. ; 11. Arithmetic. An examination is held at 

 the end of each six months, and a final examination at the end 

 of the two [years, which includes an extensive test of the 

 practical knowledge gained by the students. 



A winter school for small holders who can only leave their 

 farms for a short time is also held at these institutions. It is 

 divided into two courses of about two months each. 



Popular courses of weekly lectures extending over from two 

 to four months are given, and addresses adapted to the local 

 type of agriculture are given by migratory lecturers, who 

 endeavour in particular to spread a knowledge of the laws for 

 the encouragement of agriculture, and also to further the 

 spread of co-operation. Agricultural courses extending over 

 four weeks are also held for teachers in primary schools. 



Agricultural Colleges. — The five Agricultural Colleges are 

 provided with the buildings and laboratories necessary for 

 higher agricultural instruction, together with farms of from 

 560 to 850 acres, so that the students can obtain both a 



