182 



Apple "Scab" or "Black Spot." [June, 



purchased for cramming purposes to find some roupy birds 

 among them. This disease is known as " squack " among the 

 Sussex crammers. A bird will not fatten in this condition, 

 although many birds that enter the pen in a roupy condition 

 are satisfactorily fattened in Sussex. The best treatment is to 

 place the birds suffering from roup apart from the other birds ; 

 then to clear all roupy matter from the mouth and throat. 

 A little Condy's fluid may be used to wash out these parts with 

 advantage. After this a few drops, five or six only, of turpen- 

 tine should be poured down the birds' throat. Turpentine is 

 very efficacious in such cases, two or three doses often 

 effecting a cure. A little turpentine sprinkled under the 

 pens may also be recommended ; this will produce an 

 odour that overcomes the unpleasant smell to be found amongst 

 fattening birds. It can be mixed with hot water and then 

 sprinkled about. 



APPLE "SCAB" OR "BLACK SPOT."* 

 By E. S. Salmon, F.L.S., 



Mycologist to the South Eastern Agricultural College. 



There is no single fungus disease — with the possible exception 

 of " canker " — which at the present time is doing so much 

 damage in apple plantations and orchards in England as the 

 " scab " or " black spot." Losses of many thousands of 

 pounds are being occasioned annually by this disease. In 

 severe attacks it may injure the crop to such an extent that 

 it is not worth gathering, and wherever it is present even to 

 only a slight degree, it depreciates the market value. The 

 thorouglily inferior appearance of the average English apple 

 exposed for sale in provincial towns is due almost entirely to 

 the prevalence of " scab." The value of the improved scientific 

 methods adopted by growers in foreign countries and in our 

 colonies is nowhere more clearly seen than in the clean apples 

 exported to us. 



Description of the disease. — The disease usually first attracts 

 the attention of the grower by its injury to the young fruit. 

 It is not uncommon to find, in the case of orchards where 



* Conidial stage, Fusicladium deudritiaim, Fckl. ; Ascigerous stage, Venturia 

 Pomi, (Fr.) Wint. 



