404 



Farm Accounts. 



[SEPT., 



into the arable land in the form of dung), (d) mangolds, at the 

 value on the farm, (e) seeds grazed, and fallow crops fed, at 

 their letting value in the district, (/) cultivations done, seed 

 sown and manures applied for the following year's crops, (g) 

 the value of unexhausted manures at the end of the year, and 

 any other receipts. This account, balanced at the end of the 

 year, will show the true profit or loss on the arable land. 



Meadow Land. — This account must be debited with (a) any 

 manures unexhausted at the beginning of the year, (b) manures 

 applied during the year, (c) the labour of haymaking and 

 marketing hay sold, (d) rent and rates, (e) establishment charges, 

 and any" other charges and expenses properly incurred. It will 

 be credited with [a) the proceeds of hay sold, (b) the consuming 

 value of hay fed on the farm, (c) the value of the grazing after 

 the hay harvest, (d) unexhausted manures, and any other 

 receipts. Here, again the balance of the account at the end 

 of the year shows the true profit or loss. 



This completes the description of the accounts which go to 

 make up a correct profit and loss account, but in order to keep 

 them in the manner indicated, it will be found necessary to open 

 various subsidiary accounts. 



Labour. — No ledger account is required for manual labour. 

 The daily or weekly labour sheet shows how each man has been 

 employed, and his time can be charged to the proper account. 

 It is not desirable to enter it in the ledger daily, but an analysis 

 sheet can easily be kept, and the labour under the different 

 headings posted to the proper accounts weekly, monthly, or 

 quarterly. For horse labour a ledger account is essential. 

 This account will be debited with (a) the valuation of the horses 

 and their harness at the beginning of the year, (b) cost of food > 

 during the year, (c) shoeing, (d) repairs to harness, (e) share of 

 rent, and any other expenses properly chargeable. The only j 

 credit will be the valuation of horses and harness at the end of j 

 the year, and the balance of the account represents the cost ! 

 of the horse labour on the farm. This cost must be shared 

 out over the different accounts, according to the' amount of horse ' 

 labour performed for each. The readiest means of arriving at 

 this is by keeping a record of the number of days' work done for) 

 each account. The labour sheet, besides stating how eachj 

 man has been employed, should set forth the number of horses] 



