498 



Suppression of Tuberculosis. [oct., 



than in some other countries owing to the fact that the animals 

 which react are nearly always slaughtered, as the obligatory 

 marking makes the sale of tuberculous animals almost im- 

 possible. The number of animals, however, which had been, 

 tested up to 1905 was less than one-fifth of the total number of 

 cattle in Norway. 



Sweden. — The efforts made in Sweden with a view to the 

 extirpation of tuberculosis have taken the form of the free 

 inoculation of cattle at the expense of the State, together with 

 veterinary advice and assistance, but without any compulsory 

 requirements as to isolation, slaughter, &c. In the years 1897- 

 1904, 226,864 cattle on 8,698 farms were tested, of which 30 -7 

 per cent, reacted. The farms on which cattle were tested a 

 second time may perhaps be taken as representing those on 

 which suppressive measures are taken, and the number of these 

 is comparatively small though it is steadily increasing. In 

 1904 the figures were 810 farms with 36,149 cattle, and on 

 these the proportion of reacting cattle was only about 4 -7 

 per cent. The measures recommended by the Government 

 Veterinary Department are based on the methods of Dr. Bang 

 as regards isolation, sterilisation of milk fed to calves and 

 disinfection of cow-houses. Tuberculosis of the udder is dealt 

 with separately. 



Holland. — Since January, 1905, a Royal Decree, dated 

 2nd September, 1904, has been in operation in the Netherlands, 

 according to which every cattle owner, provided he is not a 

 dealer, has the right to offer cattle showing symptoms of tuber- 

 culosis to the State. Only such animals are taken over by the 

 State as show clinical symptoms of tuberculosis, but a bacterio- 

 logical examination may be made when the district veterinary 

 surgeon is in doubt as to the symptoms. Tuberculin is also 

 used in cases of doubt, but animals which appear to be healthy 

 are not tested with tuberculin. When a tuberculous animal 

 is taken over from a cattle owner by the State and slaughtered,, 

 all the horned cattle of the owner are examined as to the 

 presence of clinical tuberculosis, and every animal which at 

 that examination is found to be suffering is expropriated and 

 slaughtered. This examination may be repeated. 



The animals offered to the State are taken over at the value 

 which they still had for business and trade at the moment of 



